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@ARTICLE{Haroon:852669,
      author       = {Haroon, A. and Adrian, J. and Bergers, R. and Gurk, M. and
                      Tezkan, B. and Mammadov, A. L. and Novruzov, A. G.},
      title        = {{J}oint inversion of long-offset and central-loop transient
                      electromagnetic data: {A}pplication to a mud volcano
                      exploration in {P}erekishkul, {A}zerbaijan},
      journal      = {Geophysical prospecting},
      volume       = {63},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0016-8025},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05542},
      pages        = {478 - 494},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Mud volcanism is commonly observed in Azerbaijan and the
                      surrounding SouthCaspian Basin. This natural phenomenon is
                      very similar to magmatic volcanoes butdiffers in one
                      considerable aspect: Magmatic volcanoes are generally the
                      result ofascending molten rock within the Earth’s crust,
                      whereas mud volcanoes are characterisedby expelling mixtures
                      of water, mud, and gas. The majority of mud volcanoeshave
                      been observed on ocean floors or in deep sedimentary basins,
                      such as those foundin Azerbaijan. Furthermore, their
                      occurrences in Azerbaijan are generally closely
                      associatedwith hydrocarbon reservoirs and are therefore of
                      immense economic andgeological interest. The broadside
                      long-offset transient electromagnetic method andthe
                      central-loop transient electromagnetic method were applied
                      to study the innerstructure of such mud volcanoes and to
                      determine the depth of a resistive geologicalformation that
                      is predicted to contain the majority of the hydrocarbon
                      reservoirsin the survey area. One-dimensional joint
                      inversion of central-loop and long-offsettransient
                      electromagnetic data was performed using the inversion
                      schemes of Occamand Marquardt. By using the joint inversion
                      models, a subsurface resistivity structureranging from the
                      surface to a depth of approximately 7 km was
                      determined.Along a profile running perpendicular to the
                      assumed strike direction, lateral resistivityvariations
                      could only be determined in the shallow depth range using
                      thetransient electromagnetic data. An attempt to resolve
                      further two-dimensional/threedimensionalresistivity
                      structures, representing possible mud migration paths at
                      largedepths using the long-offset transient electromagnetic
                      data, failed. Moreover, thejoint inversion models led to
                      ambiguous results regarding the depth and resistivity ofthe
                      hydrocarbon target formation due to poor resolution at great
                      depths (>5 km).Thus, 1D/2D modelling studies were
                      subsequently performed to investigate the influenceof the
                      resistive terminating half-space on the measured long-offset
                      transientelectromagnetic data.The 1D joint inversion models
                      were utilised as starting models for both the 1D and2D
                      modelling studies. The results tend to show that a resistive
                      terminating half-space,implying the presence of the target
                      formation, is the favourable geological setting.Furthermore,
                      the 2D modelling study aimed to fit all measured long-offset
                      transientelectromagnetic Ex transients along the profile
                      simultaneously. Consequently, 31252D forward calculations
                      were necessary to determine the best-fit resistivity
                      model.The results are consistent with the 1D inversion,
                      indicating that the data are bestdescribed by a resistive
                      terminating half-space, although the resistivity and
                      depthcannot be determined clearly.},
      ddc          = {550},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1111/1365-2478.12157},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/852669},
}