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@ARTICLE{Kaufmann:856155,
      author       = {Kaufmann, Martin and Olschewski, Friedhelm and Mantel,
                      Klaus and Solheim, Brian and Shepherd, Gordon and Deiml,
                      Michael and Liu, Jilin and Song, Rui and Chen, Qiuyu and
                      Wroblowski, Oliver and Wei, Daikang and Zhu, Yajun and
                      Wagner, Friedrich and Loosen, Florian and Fröhlich, Denis
                      and Neubert, Tom and Rongen, Heinz and Knieling, Peter and
                      Toumpas, Panos and Shan, Jinjun and Tang, Geshi and
                      Koppmann, Ralf and Riese, Martin},
      title        = {{A} highly miniaturized satellite payload based on a
                      spatial heterodyne spectrometer for atmospheric temperature
                      measurements in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1867-8548},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-05791},
      pages        = {3861 - 3870},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {A highly miniaturized limb sounder for the observation of
                      the O2 A-band to derive temperatures in the mesosphere and
                      lower thermosphere is presented. The instrument consists of
                      a monolithic spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS), which is
                      able to resolve the rotational structure of the R-branch of
                      that band. The relative intensities of the emission lines
                      follow a Boltzmann distribution and the ratio of the lines
                      can be used to derive the kinetic temperature. The SHS
                      operates at a Littrow wavelength of 761.8nm and heterodynes
                      a wavelength regime between 761.9 and 765.3nm with a
                      resolving power of about 8000 considering apodization
                      effects. The size of the SHS is 38 × 38 × 27mm3
                      and its acceptance angle is ±5°. It has an etendue of
                      0.01cm2sr. Complemented by front optics with an acceptance
                      angle of ±0.65° and detector optics, the entire optical
                      system fits into a volume of about 1.5L. This allows us to
                      fly this instrument on a 3- or 6-unit CubeSat. The vertical
                      field of view of the instrument is about 60km at the Earth's
                      limb when operated in a typical low Earth orbit. Integration
                      times to obtain an entire altitude profile of nighttime
                      temperatures are on the order of 1min for a vertical
                      resolution of 1.5km and a random noise level of about 1.5K.
                      Daytime integration times are 1 order of magnitude shorter.
                      This work presents the design parameters of the optics and a
                      radiometric assessment of the instrument. Furthermore, it
                      gives an overview of the required characterization and
                      calibration steps. This includes the characterization of
                      image distortions in the different parts of the optics,
                      visibility, and phase determination as well as flat
                      fielding.},
      cin          = {IEK-7 / ZEA-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000437054400001},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-11-3861-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/856155},
}