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@ARTICLE{Wendt:857803,
      author       = {Wendt, Christian and Niehoff, Philip and Winter, Martin and
                      Schappacher, Falko M.},
      title        = {{D}etermination of the mechanical integrity of
                      polyvinylidene difluoride in {L}i{N}i1/3{C}o1/3{M}n1/3{O}2
                      electrodes for lithium ion batteries by use of the
                      micro-indentation technique},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {391},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06770},
      pages        = {80 - 85},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Understanding the mechanical aging of lithium ion batteries
                      influencing the binder stability is of particular interest
                      for enhanced battery life. In this study we present an
                      indentation method to investigate the changes in the
                      elasticity of PVdF in NCM electrodes with high
                      reproducibility. To determine changes in elasticity by
                      calculating the indentation work (ηit), a 50 μm flat
                      punch indenter was used. In addition, a drying procedure for
                      DMC washed samples was evaluated to reduce the effect of the
                      washing procedure on the elasticity due to swelling of the
                      binder. NCM electrodes soaked with electrolyte and
                      electrodes after formation were investigated, showing a
                      significant decrease in elasticity due to the contact with
                      the LiPF6 containing organic carbonate solvent based
                      electrolyte and due to the electrochemical formation
                      procedure. Further electrochemical aging reduced the
                      elasticity to nearly $≈50\%$ compared to the pristine
                      electrode. Method development and the obtained results are
                      discussed in detail. The developed method provides a low
                      standard deviation and high reproducibility. Hence, it is a
                      valid methodology for the quantification of related aging
                      mechanisms taking place in lithium ion batteries.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000440265800010},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.064},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857803},
}