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@ARTICLE{He:858789,
      author       = {He, Xin and Yan, Bo and Zhang, Xin and Liu, Zigeng and
                      Bresser, Dominic and Wang, Jun and Wang, Rui and Cao, Xia
                      and Su, Yixi and Jia, Hao and Grey, Clare P. and
                      Frielinghaus, Henrich and Truhlar, Donald G. and Winter,
                      Martin and Li, Jie and Paillard, Elie-Elisée},
      title        = {{F}luorine-free water-in-ionomer electrolytes for
                      sustainable lithium-ion batteries},
      journal      = {Nature Communications},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2041-1723},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-07629},
      pages        = {5320},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The continuously increasing number and size of
                      lithium-based batteries developed for large-scale
                      applications raise serious environmental concerns. Herein,
                      we address the issues related to electrolyte toxicity and
                      safety by proposing a “water-in-ionomer” type of
                      electrolyte which replaces organic solvents by water and
                      expensive and toxic fluorinated lithium salts by a
                      non-fluorinated, inexpensive and non-toxic superabsorbing
                      ionomer, lithium polyacrylate. Interestingly, the
                      electrochemical stability window of this electrolyte is
                      extended greatly, even for high water contents.
                      Particularly, the gel with $50 wt\%$ ionomer exhibits an
                      electrochemical stability window of 2.6 V vs. platinum and
                      a conductivity of 6.5 mS cm−1 at 20 °C. Structural
                      investigations suggest that the electrolytes locally
                      self-organize and most likely switch local structures with
                      the change of water content, leading to a $50\%$ gel with
                      good conductivity and elastic properties. A
                      LiTi2(PO4)3/LiMn2O4 lithium-ion cell incorporating this
                      electrolyte provided an average discharge
                      voltage > 1.5 V and a specific energy of
                      77 Wh kg−1, while for an alternative cell chemistry,
                      i.e., TiO2/LiMn2O4, a further enhanced average output
                      voltage of 2.1 V and an initial specific energy of
                      124.2 Wh kg−1 are achieved.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / IEK-12 / IEK-9 / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1 /
                      JCNS-2},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)
                      / 592 - Renewable energy and material resources for
                      sustainable futures - Integrating at different scales
                      (POF3-592) / 6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-592 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)DNS-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30552314},
      UT           = {WOS:000453244600003},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41467-018-07331-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/858789},
}