Journal Article

FZJ-2018-07629

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Fluorine-free water-in-ionomer electrolytes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries

He, X.FZJ* ; Yan, B.FZJ* ; Zhang, X. (Corresponding author) ; Liu, Z.FZJ* ; Bresser, D. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, R.FZJ* ; Cao, X. ; Su, Y.FZJ* ; Jia, H. ; Grey, C. P. ; Frielinghaus, H.FZJ* ; Truhlar, D. G. ; Winter, M.FZJ* ; Li, J. (Corresponding author)FZJ* ; Paillard, E.-E. (Corresponding author)FZJ*

2018
Nature Publishing Group UK [London]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: http://hdl.handle.net/2128/21106  doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07331-6

Abstract: The continuously increasing number and size of lithium-based batteries developed for large-scale applications raise serious environmental concerns. Herein, we address the issues related to electrolyte toxicity and safety by proposing a “water-in-ionomer” type of electrolyte which replaces organic solvents by water and expensive and toxic fluorinated lithium salts by a non-fluorinated, inexpensive and non-toxic superabsorbing ionomer, lithium polyacrylate. Interestingly, the electrochemical stability window of this electrolyte is extended greatly, even for high water contents. Particularly, the gel with 50 wt% ionomer exhibits an electrochemical stability window of 2.6 V vs. platinum and a conductivity of 6.5 mS cm−1 at 20 °C. Structural investigations suggest that the electrolytes locally self-organize and most likely switch local structures with the change of water content, leading to a 50% gel with good conductivity and elastic properties. A LiTi2(PO4)3/LiMn2O4 lithium-ion cell incorporating this electrolyte provided an average discharge voltage > 1.5 V and a specific energy of 77 Wh kg−1, while for an alternative cell chemistry, i.e., TiO2/LiMn2O4, a further enhanced average output voltage of 2.1 V and an initial specific energy of 124.2 Wh kg−1 are achieved.

Keyword(s): Energy (1st) ; Soft Condensed Matter (2nd)

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. JCNS-FRM-II (JCNS-FRM-II)
2. Helmholtz-Institut Münster Ionenleiter für Energiespeicher (IEK-12)
3. Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9)
4. Neutronenstreuung (Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1)
5. Streumethoden (JCNS-2)

Research Program(s):

1. 6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623) (POF3-623)
2. 592 - Renewable energy and material resources for sustainable futures - Integrating at different scales (POF3-592) (POF3-592)
3. 6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) (POF3-6G15)

Experiment(s):

1. DNS: Diffuse scattering neutron time of flight spectrometer (NL6S)

Appears in the scientific report 2018

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