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@ARTICLE{Javed:862047,
      author       = {Javed, Umar and Kubistin, Dagmar and Martinez, Monica and
                      Pollmann, Jan and Rudolf, Markus and Parchatka, Uwe and
                      Reiffs, Andreas and Thieser, Jim and Schuster, Gerhard and
                      Horbanski, Martin and Pöhler, Denis and Crowley, John N.
                      and Fischer, Horst and Lelieveld, Jos and Harder, Hartwig},
      title        = {{L}aser-induced fluorescence-based detection of atmospheric
                      nitrogen dioxide and comparison of different techniques
                      during the {PARADE} 2011 field campaign},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1867-8548},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02413},
      pages        = {1461 - 1481},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {GANDALF (Gas Analyzer for Nitrogen Dioxide Applying
                      Laser-induced Fluorescence), a new instrument for the
                      detection of nitrogen dioxide based on the laser-induced
                      fluorescence (LIF) technique, is presented in this paper.
                      GANDALF is designed for ground-based and airborne deployment
                      with a robust calibration system. In the current set-up, it
                      uses a multi-mode diode laser (447–450 nm) and performs
                      in situ, continuous, and autonomous measurements with a
                      laser pulse repetition rate of 5 MHz. The performance of
                      GANDALF was tested during the summer of year 2011 (15
                      August–10 September) in a field experiment at Kleiner
                      Feldberg, Germany. The location is within a forested region
                      with an urban influence, where NOx levels were between 0.12
                      and 22 parts per billion by volume (ppb). Based on the field
                      results, the limit of detection is estimated at 5–10 parts
                      per trillion by volume (ppt) in 60 s at a signal-to-noise
                      ratio (SNR) of 2. The overall accuracy and precision of the
                      instrument are better than $5 \%$ (1σ) and
                      $0.5 \%+3 ppt$ (1σ min−1), respectively. A
                      comparison of nitrogen dioxide measurements based on several
                      techniques during the field campaign PARADE 2011 is
                      presented to explore methodic differences.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000460517200001},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-12-1461-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862047},
}