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@ARTICLE{Tritscher:862050,
      author       = {Tritscher, Ines and Grooß, Jens-Uwe and Spang, Reinhold
                      and Pitts, Michael C. and Poole, Lamont R. and Müller, Rolf
                      and Riese, Martin},
      title        = {{L}agrangian simulation of ice particles and resulting
                      dehydration in the polar winter stratosphere},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02416},
      pages        = {543 - 563},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and cold stratospheric
                      aerosols drive heterogeneous chemistry and play a major role
                      in polar ozone depletion. The Chemical Lagrangian Model of
                      the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulates the nucleation, growth,
                      sedimentation, and evaporation of PSC particles along
                      individual trajectories. Particles consisting of nitric acid
                      trihydrate (NAT), which contain a substantial fraction of
                      the stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3), were the focus of
                      previous modeling work and are known for their potential to
                      denitrify the polar stratosphere. Here, we carried this idea
                      forward and introduced the formation of ice PSCs and related
                      dehydration into the sedimentation module of CLaMS. Both
                      processes change the simulated chemical composition of the
                      lower stratosphere. Due to the Lagrangian transport scheme,
                      NAT and ice particles move freely in three-dimensional
                      space. Heterogeneous NAT and ice nucleation on foreign
                      nuclei as well as homogeneous ice nucleation and NAT
                      nucleation on preexisting ice particles are now implemented
                      into CLaMS and cover major PSC formation pathways.We show
                      results from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and from the
                      Antarctic winter 2011 to demonstrate the performance of the
                      model over two entire PSC seasons. For both hemispheres, we
                      present CLaMS results in comparison to measurements from the
                      Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP),
                      the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric
                      Sounding (MIPAS), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS).
                      Observations and simulations are presented on season-long
                      and vortex-wide scales as well as for single PSC events. The
                      simulations reproduce well both the timing and the extent of
                      PSC occurrence inside the entire vortex. Divided into
                      specific PSC classes, CLaMS results show predominantly good
                      agreement with CALIOP and MIPAS observations, even for
                      specific days and single satellite orbits. CLaMS and CALIOP
                      agree that NAT mixtures are the first type of PSC to be
                      present in both winters. NAT PSC areal coverages over the
                      entire season agree satisfactorily. However, cloud-free
                      areas, next to or surrounded by PSCs in the CALIOP data, are
                      often populated with NAT particles in the CLaMS simulations.
                      Looking at the temporal and vortex-averaged evolution of
                      HNO3, CLaMS shows an uptake of HNO3 from the gas into the
                      particle phase which is too large and happens too early in
                      the simulation of the Arctic winter. In turn, the permanent
                      redistribution of HNO3 is smaller in the simulations than in
                      the observations. The Antarctic model run shows too little
                      denitrification at lower altitudes towards the end of the
                      winter compared to the observations. The occurrence of
                      synoptic-scale ice PSCs agrees satisfactorily between
                      observations and simulations for both hemispheres and the
                      simulated vertical redistribution of water vapor (H2O) is in
                      very good agreement with MLS observations. In summary, a
                      conclusive agreement between CLaMS simulations and a variety
                      of independent measurements is presented.},
      cin          = {IEK-7 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244) / Chemisches Lagrangesches
                      Modell der Stratosphäre (CLaMS) $(jicg11_20090701)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244 / $G:(DE-Juel1)jicg11_20090701$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000455915800001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-19-543-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862050},
}