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@ARTICLE{Mertens:862421,
      author       = {Mertens, Philippe and Boman, Romain and Dickheuer, Sven and
                      Krasikov, Yury and Krimmer, Andreas and Leichtle, Dieter and
                      Liegeois, Kim and Linsmeier, Christian and Litnovsky, Andrey
                      and Marchuk, Oleksander and Rasinski, Marcin and De Bock,
                      Maarten},
      title        = {{O}n the use of rhodium mirrors for optical diagnostics in
                      {ITER}},
      journal      = {Fusion engineering and design},
      volume       = {146},
      number       = {B},
      issn         = {0920-3796},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02743},
      pages        = {2514-2518},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The first mirrors of optical diagnostics in ITER are
                      exposed to high radiation and fluxes of particles which
                      escape the plasma, in the order of
                      $10^{20} m^{−2}s^{−1}$. At the position of the mirror,
                      the flux may still reach about $10^{18} m^{−2}s^{−1}$.
                      First mirrors are thus the most vulnerable in-vessel optical
                      components, being subject to erosion, esp. by fast
                      charge-exchange neutrals, or to deposition of impurities at
                      flux rates which can reach 0.05 nm/s. The material
                      selected for the reflecting surface must combine a high
                      optical reflectivity in a wide spectral range and a
                      sufficient resistance to physical sputtering during normal
                      operation and during mirror cleaning discharges, if any is
                      installed. Rhodium ($^{103}Rh$) was identified early as a
                      possible or even promising candidate. It combines several
                      attractive properties, for instance a mass which leads in
                      most cases to low sputtering yields together with an optical
                      reflectance ($\mathscr{R}_{Rh}≈75\\%$) which is much
                      higher than of some other options. $\mathscr{R}_{Rh}$is
                      insensitive to large temperature changes. Rhodium is fairly
                      inert and its low oxidation is an appreciable advantage in
                      case of steam ingress events.The core-plasma CXRS diagnostic
                      in ITER (UPP 3) have now turned to Rh as a baseline. The aim
                      is to procure monocrystalline rhodium (SC-Rh) to mitigate
                      the increase of the diffuse reflection with the damage due
                      to physical sputtering.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000488313700241},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.04.031},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862421},
}