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@ARTICLE{Achtsnicht:863099,
      author       = {Achtsnicht, Stefan and Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad and
                      Offenhäusser, Andreas and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
      title        = {{M}ultiplex {D}etection of {D}ifferent {M}agnetic {B}eads
                      {U}sing {F}requency {S}canning in {M}agnetic {F}requency
                      {M}ixing {T}echnique},
      journal      = {Sensors},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1424-8220},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03213},
      pages        = {2599 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {In modern bioanalytical methods, it is often desired to
                      detect several targets in one sample within one measurement.
                      Immunological methods including those that use
                      superparamagnetic beads are an important group of techniques
                      for these applications. The goal of this work is to
                      investigate the feasibility of simultaneously detecting
                      different superparamagnetic beads acting as markers using
                      the magnetic frequency mixing technique. The frequency of
                      the magnetic excitation field is scanned while the lower
                      driving frequency is kept constant. Due to the particles’
                      nonlinear magnetization, mixing frequencies are generated.
                      To record their amplitude and phase information, a direct
                      digitization of the pickup-coil’s signal with subsequent
                      Fast Fourier Transformation is performed. By synchronizing
                      both magnetic fields, a stable phase information is gained.
                      In this research, it is shown that the amplitude of the
                      dominant mixing component is proportional to the amount of
                      superparamagnetic beads inside a sample. Additionally, it is
                      shown that the phase does not show this behaviour.
                      Excitation frequency scans of different bead types were
                      performed, showing different phases, without correlation to
                      their diverse amplitudes. Two commercially available beads
                      were selected and a determination of their amount in a
                      mixture is performed as a demonstration for multiplex
                      measurements.},
      cin          = {ICS-8},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-8-20110106},
      pnm          = {523 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-523)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-523},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31181672},
      UT           = {WOS:000472133300177},
      doi          = {10.3390/s19112599},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863099},
}