% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Weber:863152,
      author       = {Weber, Juliane and Heinrichs, Heidi Ursula and Gillessen,
                      Bastian and Schumann, Diana and Hörsch, Jonas and Brown,
                      Tom and Witthaut, Dirk},
      title        = {{C}ounter-intuitive behaviour of energy system models under
                      {CO}2 caps and prices},
      journal      = {Energy},
      volume       = {170},
      issn         = {0360-5442},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03251},
      pages        = {22 - 30},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The mitigation of climate change requires a fundamental
                      transition of the energy system. Affordability, reliability
                      and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions constitute
                      central but often conflicting targets for this energy
                      transition. Against this context, we reveal limitations and
                      counter-intuitive results in the model-based optimization of
                      energy systems, which are often applied for policy advice.
                      When system costs are minimized in the presence of a CO2
                      cap, efficiency gains free a part of the CO2 cap, allowing
                      cheap technologies to replace expensive low-emission
                      technologies. Even more striking results are observed in a
                      setup where emissions are minimized in the presence of a
                      budget constraint. Increasing CO2 prices can oust clean, but
                      expensive technologies out of the system, and eventually
                      lead to higher emissions. These effects robustly occur in
                      models of different scope and complexity. Hence, extreme
                      care is necessary in the application of energy system
                      optimization models to avoid misleading policy advice.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153) /
                      VH-NG-1025 - Helmholtz Young Investigators Group
                      "Efficiency, Emergence and Economics of future supply
                      networks" $(VH-NG-1025_20112014)$ / ES2050 - Energie Sytem
                      2050 (ES2050)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153 / $G:(HGF)VH-NG-1025_20112014$ /
                      G:(DE-HGF)ES2050},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000460845700003},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.052},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863152},
}