Journal Article FZJ-2019-03251

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Counter-intuitive behaviour of energy system models under CO2 caps and prices

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2019
Elsevier Science Amsterdam [u.a.]

Energy 170, 22 - 30 () [10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.052]

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Abstract: The mitigation of climate change requires a fundamental transition of the energy system. Affordability, reliability and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions constitute central but often conflicting targets for this energy transition. Against this context, we reveal limitations and counter-intuitive results in the model-based optimization of energy systems, which are often applied for policy advice. When system costs are minimized in the presence of a CO2 cap, efficiency gains free a part of the CO2 cap, allowing cheap technologies to replace expensive low-emission technologies. Even more striking results are observed in a setup where emissions are minimized in the presence of a budget constraint. Increasing CO2 prices can oust clean, but expensive technologies out of the system, and eventually lead to higher emissions. These effects robustly occur in models of different scope and complexity. Hence, extreme care is necessary in the application of energy system optimization models to avoid misleading policy advice.

Classification:

Contributing Institute(s):
  1. Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung (IEK-STE)
Research Program(s):
  1. 153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153) (POF3-153)
  2. VH-NG-1025 - Helmholtz Young Investigators Group "Efficiency, Emergence and Economics of future supply networks" (VH-NG-1025_20112014) (VH-NG-1025_20112014)
  3. ES2050 - Energie Sytem 2050 (ES2050) (ES2050)

Appears in the scientific report 2019
Database coverage:
Medline ; OpenAccess ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Engineering, Computing and Technology ; Ebsco Academic Search ; IF < 5 ; JCR ; NationallizenzNationallizenz ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection
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 Record created 2019-06-11, last modified 2021-01-30