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@INPROCEEDINGS{Gbel:863384,
      author       = {Göbel, Leonie and Heinlein, Florian and Schmidt, Marcus
                      and Veldkamp, Edzo and Corre, Marife},
      title        = {{N}utrient leaching losses and nutrient retention
                      efficiencies in temperate agroforestry systems versus
                      conventional agricultural systems},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03457},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Intensively managed agriculture is often accompanied by
                      detrimental environmental effects such as nutrient leaching
                      losses to the groundwater and greenhouse gas emissions to
                      the atmosphere. This results in a strong need for more
                      environmentally friendly agricultural management systems.
                      Alley-cropping agroforestry systems are an example for
                      innovative management systems that have come to increasing
                      attention in Europe. In these systems, fast growing tree
                      species for bioenergy use are implemented in alternating
                      strips with cropland or grassland, and thus agroforestry
                      systems take advantage of beneficial ecological functions
                      of both of their components, tree and
                      crop/grass.Insuchsystems,treescanactasasafety-netagainstnutrientleachingastheycantakeupnutrientsthat
                      are beyond the reach of shallow grass/crop roots or at times
                      when grass/crop demand is low. However, at present no
                      comparisons of nutrient leaching losses and nutrient
                      retention efficiency have yet been conducted between
                      conventional and agroforestry systems.Our study aimed to 1)
                      quantify nutrient leaching losses in conventional and
                      agroforestry systems of either grassland or cropland, 2)
                      evaluate the nutrient retention efficiency in the soil
                      under these management systems, and 3) assess whether
                      differences in nutrient retention efficiencies between
                      conventional and agroforestry systems are related to
                      differences in nutrient-cycling processes in the soil and/or
                      to differences in plant uptake of nutrients. We hypothesized
                      that conventional systems will have higher nutrient leaching
                      and lower nutrient retention efficiencies than agroforestry
                      systems.This study was conducted at six paired sites of
                      conventional and agroforestry systems (with alley cropping
                      of fast growing trees) of grasslands or croplands, located
                      in central Germany. Measurements in the agroforestry systems
                      were taken within tree strips and at various distances to
                      the tree strips within the grass or crop strips. Soil
                      watersampleswerecollectedmonthlyin2016and2017usingsuctioncuplysimeters.Thesampleswereanalyzed
                      for nitrogen, phosphorus and base cation concentrations. To
                      calculate leaching losses, water drainage flux was
                      estimated using a novel agroforestry module of the model
                      system Expert-N. Nutrient retention efficiency (NRE) was
                      calculated as: 1- (leaching losses/soil-available
                      nutrient).At a cropland site, first results showed that
                      nitrate concentrations in soil water were lower within the
                      tree strips of the agroforestry system compared to the
                      conventional system. Nitrate and ammonium concentrations in
                      soil water did not differ between agroforestry and
                      conventional systems at one grassland site, but were higher
                      in the conventional than in the agroforestry system at
                      another grassland site.This study will provide important
                      information on whether temperate agroforestry systems can be
                      a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture by
                      reducing nutrient leaching losses to the groundwater and by
                      optimizing nutrient retention in the soil.},
      organization  = {European Geoscience Union, Vienna
                       (Austria)},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863384},
}