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@ARTICLE{Beule:863566,
      author       = {Beule, Lukas and Corre, Marife D. and Schmidt, Marcus and
                      Göbel, Leonie and Veldkamp, Edzo and Karlovsky, Petr},
      title        = {{C}onversion of monoculture cropland and open grassland to
                      agroforestry alters the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi
                      and soil-{N}-cycling genes},
      journal      = {PLOS ONE},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {San Francisco, California, US},
      publisher    = {PLOS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03605},
      pages        = {e0218779 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Integration of trees in agroforestry systems can increase
                      the system sustainability compared to monocultures. The
                      resulting increase in system complexity is likely to affect
                      soil-N cycling by altering soil microbial community
                      structure and functions. Our study aimed to assess the
                      abundance of genes encoding enzymes involved in soil-N
                      cycling in paired monoculture and agroforestry cropland in a
                      Phaeozem soil, and paired open grassland and agroforestry
                      grassland in Histosol and Anthrosol soils. The soil
                      fungi-to-bacteria ratio was greater in the tree row than in
                      the crop or grass rows of the monoculture cropland and open
                      grassland in all soil types, possibly due to increased input
                      of tree residues and the absence of tillage in the Phaeozem
                      (cropland) soil. In the Phaeozem (cropland) soil, gene
                      abundances of amoA indicated a niche differentiation between
                      archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers that distinctly
                      separated the influence of the tree row from the crop row
                      and monoculture system. Abundances of nitrate (napA and
                      narG), nitrite (nirK and nirS) and nitrous oxide reductase
                      genes (nosZ clade I) were largely influenced by soil type
                      rather than management system. The soil types’ effects
                      were associated with their differences in soil organic C,
                      total N and pH. Our findings show that in temperate regions,
                      conversion of monoculture cropland and open grassland to
                      agroforestry systems can alter the abundance of soil
                      bacteria and fungi and soil-N-cycling genes, particularly
                      genes involved in ammonium oxidation.},
      ddc          = {610},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0218779},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863566},
}