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@ARTICLE{Konopka:863605,
      author       = {Konopka, Paul and Tao, Mengchu and Ploeger, Felix and
                      Diallo, Mohamadou and Riese, Martin},
      title        = {{T}ropospheric mixing and parametrization of unresolved
                      convective updrafts as implemented in the {C}hemical
                      {L}agrangian {M}odel of the {S}tratosphere ({CL}a{MS} v2.0)},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1991-9603},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03617},
      pages        = {2441 - 2462},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Inaccurate representation of mixing in chemistry transport
                      models, mainly suffering from an excessive numerical
                      diffusion, strongly influences the quantitative estimates of
                      the stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE). The
                      Lagrangian view of transport offers an alternative to
                      exploit the numerical diffusion for parametrization of the
                      physical mixing. Here, we follow this concept and discuss
                      how to extend the representation of tropospheric transport
                      in the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere
                      (CLaMS).Although the current transport scheme in CLaMS
                      (v1.0) shows a good ability to represent transport of
                      tracers in the stably stratified stratosphere (Pommrich et
                      al., 2014, and the references therein), there are
                      deficiencies in the representation of the effects of
                      convective uplift and mixing due to weak vertical stability
                      in the troposphere. We show how the CLaMS transport scheme
                      was modified by including additional tropospheric mixing and
                      vertical transport due to unresolved convective updrafts by
                      parametrizing these processes in terms of the dry and moist
                      Brunt–Väisälä frequencies. The regions with enhanced
                      convective updrafts in the novel CLaMS simulation covering
                      the 2005–2008 period coincide with regions of enhanced
                      convection as diagnosed from the satellite observations of
                      the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR).We analyze how well
                      this approach improves the CLaMS representation of CO2 in
                      the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, in particular
                      the propagation of the CO2 seasonal cycle from the planetary
                      boundary layer (PBL) into the lower stratosphere. The CO2
                      values in the PBL are specified by the CarbonTracker data
                      set (version CT2013B), and the Comprehensive Observation
                      Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) observations
                      are used to validate the model. The proposed extension of
                      tropospheric transport increases the influence of the PBL in
                      the middle and upper troposphere and at the same time
                      impacts the STE. The effect on mean age away from the
                      troposphere in the deep stratosphere is weak.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000472618800001},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-12-2441-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863605},
}