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@ARTICLE{SunnPedersen:864231,
      author       = {Sunn Pedersen, T. and König, R. and Jakubowski, M. and
                      Krychowiak, M. and Gradic, D. and Killer, C. and Niemann, H.
                      and Szepesi, T. and Wenzel, U. and Ali, A. and Anda, G. and
                      Baldzuhn, J. and Barbui, T. and Biedermann, C. and
                      Blackwell, B. D. and Bosch, H.-S. and Bozhenkov, S. and
                      Brakel, R. and Brezinsek, S. and Cai, J. and Cannas, B. and
                      Coenen, J. W. and Cosfeld, J. and Dinklage, A. and Dittmar,
                      T. and Drewelow, P. and Drews, P. and Dunai, D. and
                      Effenberg, F. and Endler, M. and Feng, Y. and Fellinger, J.
                      and Ford, O. and Frerichs, H. and Fuchert, G. and Gao, Y.
                      and Geiger, J. and Goriaev, A. and Hammond, K. and Harris,
                      J. and Hathiramani, D. and Henkel, M. and Kazakov, Ye. O.
                      and Kirschner, Andreas and Knieps, A. and Kobayashi, M. and
                      Kocsis, G. and Kornejew, P. and Kremeyer, T. and Lazerzon,
                      S. and LeViness, A. and Li, C. and Li, Y. and Liang, Y. and
                      Liu, Shaocheng and Lore, J. and Masuzaki, S. and Moncada, V.
                      and Neubauer, O. and Ngo, T. T. and Oelmann, J. and Otte, M.
                      and Perseo, V. and Pisano, F. and Puig Sitjes, A. and Rack,
                      M. and Rasinski, M. and Romazanov, J. and Rudischhauser, L.
                      and Schlisio, G. and Schmitt, J. C. and Schmitz, O. and
                      Schweer, B. and Sereda, S. and Sleczka, M. and Suzuki, Y.
                      and Vecsei, M. and Wang, E. and Wauters, T. and Wiesen, S.
                      and Winters, V. and Wurden, G. A. and Zhang, D. and
                      Zoletnik, S.},
      title        = {{F}irst divertor physics studies in {W}endelstein 7-{X}},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {59},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1741-4326},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04065},
      pages        = {096014 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) optimized stellarator fusion
                      experiment, which went into operation in 2015, has been
                      operating since 2017 with an un-cooled modular graphite
                      divertor. This allowed first divertor physics studies to be
                      performed at pulse energies up to 80 MJ, as opposed to 4 MJ
                      in the first operation phase, where five inboard limiters
                      were installed instead of a divertor. This, and a number of
                      other upgrades to the device capabilities, allowed extension
                      into regimes of higher plasma density, heating power, and
                      performance overall, e.g. setting a new stellarator world
                      record triple product. The paper focuses on the first
                      physics studies of how the island divertor works. The plasma
                      heat loads arrive to a very high degree on the divertor
                      plates, with only minor heat loads seen on other components,
                      in particular baffle structures built in to aid neutral
                      compression. The strike line shapes and locations change
                      significantly from one magnetic configuration to another, in
                      very much the same way that codes had predicted they would.
                      Strike-line widths are as large as 10 cm, and the wetted
                      areas also large, up to about 1.5 m2, which bodes well for
                      future operation phases. Peak local heat loads onto the
                      divertor were in general benign and project below the 10 MW
                      m−2 limit of the future water-cooled divertor when
                      operated with 10 MW of heating power, with the exception of
                      low-density attached operation in the high-iota
                      configuration. The most notable result was the complete (in
                      all 10 divertor units) heat-flux detachment obtained at
                      high-density operation in hydrogen.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000476824400001},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864231},
}