% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded. This means that in the presence % of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older. % Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or % “biber”. @ARTICLE{SunnPedersen:864231, author = {Sunn Pedersen, T. and König, R. and Jakubowski, M. and Krychowiak, M. and Gradic, D. and Killer, C. and Niemann, H. and Szepesi, T. and Wenzel, U. and Ali, A. and Anda, G. and Baldzuhn, J. and Barbui, T. and Biedermann, C. and Blackwell, B. D. and Bosch, H.-S. and Bozhenkov, S. and Brakel, R. and Brezinsek, S. and Cai, J. and Cannas, B. and Coenen, J. W. and Cosfeld, J. and Dinklage, A. and Dittmar, T. and Drewelow, P. and Drews, P. and Dunai, D. and Effenberg, F. and Endler, M. and Feng, Y. and Fellinger, J. and Ford, O. and Frerichs, H. and Fuchert, G. and Gao, Y. and Geiger, J. and Goriaev, A. and Hammond, K. and Harris, J. and Hathiramani, D. and Henkel, M. and Kazakov, Ye. O. and Kirschner, Andreas and Knieps, A. and Kobayashi, M. and Kocsis, G. and Kornejew, P. and Kremeyer, T. and Lazerzon, S. and LeViness, A. and Li, C. and Li, Y. and Liang, Y. and Liu, Shaocheng and Lore, J. and Masuzaki, S. and Moncada, V. and Neubauer, O. and Ngo, T. T. and Oelmann, J. and Otte, M. and Perseo, V. and Pisano, F. and Puig Sitjes, A. and Rack, M. and Rasinski, M. and Romazanov, J. and Rudischhauser, L. and Schlisio, G. and Schmitt, J. C. and Schmitz, O. and Schweer, B. and Sereda, S. and Sleczka, M. and Suzuki, Y. and Vecsei, M. and Wang, E. and Wauters, T. and Wiesen, S. and Winters, V. and Wurden, G. A. and Zhang, D. and Zoletnik, S.}, title = {{F}irst divertor physics studies in {W}endelstein 7-{X}}, journal = {Nuclear fusion}, volume = {59}, number = {9}, issn = {1741-4326}, address = {Vienna}, publisher = {IAEA}, reportid = {FZJ-2019-04065}, pages = {096014 -}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) optimized stellarator fusion experiment, which went into operation in 2015, has been operating since 2017 with an un-cooled modular graphite divertor. This allowed first divertor physics studies to be performed at pulse energies up to 80 MJ, as opposed to 4 MJ in the first operation phase, where five inboard limiters were installed instead of a divertor. This, and a number of other upgrades to the device capabilities, allowed extension into regimes of higher plasma density, heating power, and performance overall, e.g. setting a new stellarator world record triple product. The paper focuses on the first physics studies of how the island divertor works. The plasma heat loads arrive to a very high degree on the divertor plates, with only minor heat loads seen on other components, in particular baffle structures built in to aid neutral compression. The strike line shapes and locations change significantly from one magnetic configuration to another, in very much the same way that codes had predicted they would. Strike-line widths are as large as 10 cm, and the wetted areas also large, up to about 1.5 m2, which bodes well for future operation phases. Peak local heat loads onto the divertor were in general benign and project below the 10 MW m−2 limit of the future water-cooled divertor when operated with 10 MW of heating power, with the exception of low-density attached operation in the high-iota configuration. The most notable result was the complete (in all 10 divertor units) heat-flux detachment obtained at high-density operation in hydrogen.}, cin = {IEK-4}, ddc = {620}, cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013}, pnm = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)}, pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174}, typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16}, UT = {WOS:000476824400001}, doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f}, url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864231}, }