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@ARTICLE{Fadnavis:864733,
      author       = {Fadnavis, Suvarna and Müller, Rolf and Kalita, Gayatry and
                      Rowlinson, Matthew and Rap, Alexandru and Li, Jui-Lin Frank
                      and Gasparini, Blaž and Laakso, Anton},
      title        = {{T}he impact of recent changes in {A}sian anthropogenic
                      emissions of ${SO}\<sub\>2\</sub\>$ on sulfate loading in
                      the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the
                      associated radiative changes},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04404},
      pages        = {9989 - 10008},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Convective transport plays a key role in aerosol
                      enhancement in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
                      (UTLS) over the Asian monsoon region where low-level
                      convective instability persists throughout the year. We use
                      the state-of-the-art ECHAM6–HAMMOZ global
                      chemistry–climate model to investigate the seasonal
                      transport of anthropogenic Asian sulfate aerosols and their
                      impact on the UTLS. Sensitivity simulations for SO2 emission
                      perturbation over India $(48 \%$ increase) and China
                      $(70 \%$ decrease) are performed based on the Ozone
                      Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite-observed trend, rising
                      over India by $∼4.8 \%$ per year and decreasing over
                      China by $∼7.0 \%$ per year during 2006–2017. The
                      enhanced Indian emissions result in an increase in aerosol
                      optical depth (AOD) loading in the UTLS by 0.61 to
                      $4.17 \%$ over India. These aerosols are transported to
                      the Arctic during all seasons by the lower branch of the
                      Brewer–Dobson circulation enhancing AOD by $0.017 \%$ to
                      $4.8 \%.$ Interestingly, a reduction in SO2 emission over
                      China inhibits the transport of Indian sulfate aerosols to
                      the Arctic in summer-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons due to
                      subsidence over northern India. The region of sulfate
                      aerosol enhancement shows significant warming in the UTLS
                      over northern India, south China (0.2±0.15 to
                      0.8±0.72 K) and the Arctic (∼1±0.62 to 1.6±1.07 K).
                      The estimated seasonal mean direct radiative forcing at the
                      top of the atmosphere (TOA) induced by the increase in
                      Indian SO2 emission is −0.2 to −1.5 W m−2 over
                      northern India. The Chinese SO2 emission reduction leads to
                      a positive radiative forcing of ∼0.6 to 6 W m−2 over
                      China. The decrease in vertical velocity and the associated
                      enhanced stability of the upper troposphere in response to
                      increased Indian SO2 emissions will likely decrease rainfall
                      over India.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000480315800002},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-19-9989-2019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864733},
}