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@ARTICLE{Scheepers:872768,
      author       = {Scheepers, Fabian and Stähler, Andrea and Stähler, Markus
                      and Rauls, Edward and Müller, Martin and Lehnert, Werner
                      and Carmo, Marcelo},
      title        = {{I}mproving the {E}fficiency of {PEM} {E}lectrolyzers
                      through {M}embrane-{S}pecific {P}ressure {O}ptimization},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-00246},
      pages        = {612 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Hydrogen produced in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)
                      electrolyzer must be stored under high pressure. It is
                      discussed whether the gas should be compressed in subsequent
                      gas compressors or by the electrolyzer. While gas compressor
                      stages can be reduced in the case of electrochemical
                      compression, safety problems arise for thin membranes due to
                      the undesired permeation of hydrogen across the membrane to
                      the oxygen side, forming an explosive gas. In this study, a
                      PEM system is modeled to evaluate the membrane-specific
                      total system efficiency. The optimum efficiency is given
                      depending on the external heat requirement, permeation, cell
                      pressure, current density, and membrane thickness. It shows
                      that the heat requirement and hydrogen permeation dominate
                      the maximum efficiency below 1.6 V, while, above, the cell
                      polarization is decisive. In addition, a pressure-optimized
                      cell operation is introduced by which the optimum cathode
                      pressure is set as a function of current density and
                      membrane thickness. This approach indicates that thin
                      membranes do not provide increased safety issues compared to
                      thick membranes. However, operating an N212-based system
                      instead of an N117-based one can generate twice the amount
                      of hydrogen at the same system efficiency while only one
                      compressor stage must be added.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000522489000105},
      doi          = {10.3390/en13030612},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/872768},
}