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@ARTICLE{Fang:874017,
      author       = {Fang, Qingping and Blum, Ludger and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{E}lectrochemical {P}erformance and {D}egradation
                      {A}nalysis of an {SOFC} {S}hort {S}tack {F}ollowing
                      {O}peration of {M}ore than 100,000 {H}ours},
      journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
      volume       = {166},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {1945-7111},
      address      = {Pennington, NJ},
      publisher    = {Electrochemical Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01177},
      pages        = {F1320-F1325},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {From August 2007 to January 2019, a two-layer solid oxide
                      fuel cell (SOFC) short stack of a planer design with
                      zirconia-based, anode-supported cells (ASC) and ITM
                      interconnectors (with $26\%$ chromium content) was tested
                      with hydrogen and compressed air at a furnace temperature of
                      700°C for more than 100,000 hours, of which ~93,000 were in
                      constant current mode, with a current density of 0.5 Acm−2
                      and with a fuel utilization of $40\%.$ The calculated
                      voltage degradation rate slowly decreased, from ~8.0 mV/kh
                      $(~1.0\%/kh)$ for the first 40,000 h to ~1.4 mV/kh
                      $(~0.2\%/kh)$ for the subsequent operation under load,
                      indicating different dominating degradation mechanisms. The
                      average voltage and area-specific resistance (ASR)
                      degradation rates for the complete operating period under
                      electrical load were $0.5\%/kh$ and $2.5\%/kh,$
                      respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
                      was also implemented at the end of the testing period for
                      the purpose of electrochemical characterization and a
                      degradation analysis. The post-mortem analysis of the stack
                      is currently in preparation. In this study, the performance
                      and degradation behavior of the stack and cells are analyzed
                      and discussed on the basis of the electrochemical
                      measurements collected.},
      cin          = {IEK-14 / IEK-3},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000503243300001},
      doi          = {10.1149/2.0751916jes},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874017},
}