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@ARTICLE{Griessbach:874614,
      author       = {Griessbach, Sabine and Hoffmann, Lars and Spang, Reinhold
                      and Achtert, Peggy and von Hobe, Marc and Mateshvili, Nina
                      and Müller, Rolf and Riese, Martin and Rolf, Christian and
                      Seifert, Patric and Vernier, Jean-Paul},
      title        = {{A}erosol and cloud top height information of {E}nvisat
                      {MIPAS} measurements},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1867-8548},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-01539},
      pages        = {1243 - 1271},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Infrared limb emission instruments have a long history in
                      measuring clouds and aerosol. In particular, the Michelson
                      Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)
                      instrument aboard ESA's Envisat provides 10 years of
                      altitude-resolved global measurements. Previous studies
                      found systematic overestimations and underestimations of
                      cloud top heights for cirrus and polar stratospheric clouds.
                      To assess the cloud top height information and to
                      characterise its uncertainty for the MIPAS instrument we
                      performed simulations for ice clouds, volcanic ash, and
                      sulfate aerosol. From the simulation results we found that
                      in addition to the known effects of the field-of-view that
                      can lead to a cloud top height overestimation, and broken
                      cloud conditions that can lead to underestimation, the cloud
                      extinction also plays an important role. While for optically
                      thick clouds the possible cloud top height overestimation
                      for MIPAS reaches up to 1.6 km due to the field-of-view,
                      for optically thin clouds and aerosol the systematic
                      underestimation reaches 5.1 km. For the detection
                      sensitivity and the degree of underestimation of the MIPAS
                      measurements, the cloud layer thickness also plays a role;
                      1 km thick clouds are detectable down to extinctions of
                      5×10−4 km−1 and 6 km thick clouds are detectable
                      down to extinctions of 1×10−4 km−1, where the largest
                      underestimations of the cloud top height occur for the
                      optically thinnest clouds with a vertical extent of 6 km.
                      The relation between extinction coefficient, cloud top
                      height estimate, and layer thickness is confirmed by a
                      comparison of MIPAS cloud top heights of the volcanic
                      sulfate aerosol from the Nabro eruption in 2011 with space-
                      and ground-based lidar measurements and twilight
                      measurements between June 2011 and February 2012. For plumes
                      up to 2 months old, where the extinction was between
                      1×10−4 and 7×10−4 km−1 and the layer thickness
                      mostly below 4 km, we found for MIPAS an average
                      underestimation of 1.1 km. In the aged plume with
                      extinctions down to 5×10−5 km−1 and layer thicknesses
                      of up to 9.5 km, the underestimation was higher, reaching
                      up to 7.2 km. The dependency of the cloud top height
                      overestimations or underestimations on the extinction
                      coefficient can explain seemingly contradictory results of
                      previous studies. In spite of the relatively large
                      uncertainty range of the cloud top height, the comparison of
                      the detection sensitivity towards sulfate aerosol between
                      MIPAS and a suite of widely used UV/VIS limb and IR nadir
                      satellite aerosol measurements shows that MIPAS provides
                      complementary information in terms of detection
                      sensitivity.},
      cin          = {JSC / IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511) / 244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper
                      troposphere and middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000520409100002},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-13-1243-2020},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/874614},
}