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@ARTICLE{Ronge:877852,
      author       = {Ronge, Emanuel and Cottre, Thorsten and Welter, Katharina
                      and Smirnov, Vladimir and Ottinger, Natalie Jacqueline and
                      Finger, Friedhelm and Kaiser, Bernhard and Jaegermann,
                      Wolfram and Jooss, Christian},
      title        = {{S}tability and {D}egradation {M}echanism of {S}i-based
                      {P}hotocathodes for {W}ater {S}plitting with {U}ltrathin
                      {T}i{O}2 {P}rotection {L}ayer},
      journal      = {Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie},
      volume       = {234},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {2196-7156},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {˜Deœ Gruyter},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02476},
      pages        = {1171–1184},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, we
                      study mechanisms which determine the stability of Silicon
                      photocathodes for solar driven water splitting. Such tandem
                      or triple devices can show a promising stability as
                      photocathodes if the semiconductor surface is protected by
                      an ultrathin TiO2 protection layer. Using atomic layer
                      deposition (ALD) with Cl-precursors, 4–7 nm thick TiO2
                      layers can be grown with high structural perfection. The
                      layer can be electrochemically covered by Pt nanoparticels
                      serving as electro-catalysts. However, Cl-remnants which are
                      typically present in such layers due to incomplete
                      oxidation, are the origin of an electrochemical degradation
                      process. After 1 h AM1.5G illumination in alkaline media,
                      circular shaped corrosion craters appear in the topmost Si
                      layer, although the TiO2 layer is intact in most parts of
                      the crater. The crater development is stopped at local
                      inhomogenities with a higher Pt coverage. The observations
                      suggests that reduced Titanium species due to Cl−/O2−
                      substitution are nucleation sites of the initial corrosion
                      steps due to enhanced solubility of reduced Ti in the
                      electrolyte. This process is followed by electrochemical
                      dissolution of Si, after direct contact between the
                      electrolyte and the top Si layer surface. To increase the
                      stability of TiO2 protected photocathodes, formation of
                      reduced Ti species must be avoided.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000542554000007},
      doi          = {10.1515/zpch-2019-1481},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/877852},
}