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@ARTICLE{Menzler:878529,
      author       = {Menzler, Norbert H. and Sebold, Doris and Sohn, Yoo Jung
                      and Zischke, Sebastian},
      title        = {{P}ost-test characterization of a solid oxide fuel cell
                      after more than 10 years of stack testing},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {478},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-02892},
      pages        = {228770 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {A short stack composed of two layers with anode-supported
                      SOFCs was operated galvanostatically for 100,000 h. The
                      operating temperature was 700 °C, the current density 0.5 A
                      cm−2 and humidified hydrogen and ambient air were used as
                      gases. Over time, the degradation slope varied and the
                      overall voltage degradation finally amounted to $0.5\%$ per
                      1000 h. After dismantling the stack all relevant components
                      were post-test analyzed. Here we report on our cell
                      findings. The Ni/8YSZ support, the 8YSZ electrolyte and the
                      perovskitic cathode contact layer appear nearly intact after
                      11 years. Most of the observed changes/interactions can be
                      attributed to the anode (Ni/8YSZ), the barrier layer (GDC)
                      and the cathode (LSCF). Close to the barrier layer, the
                      cathode is fragmented, elementally disintegrated and Cr
                      poisoning was detected. The GDC also shows some
                      fragmentation close to the cathode and some interaction with
                      chromium. Elements from both layers, the cathode and the
                      barrier, interdiffuse to a certain amount. The fuel
                      electrode displays some foreign phase formation consisting
                      of manganese and aluminium. Additionally, and this was found
                      for the first time in a solid oxide fuel cell stack, Ni
                      enrichment in the anode was observed.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000589933500001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228770},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/878529},
}