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@ARTICLE{Stolz:888569,
      author       = {Stolz, Lukas and Homann, Gerrit and Winter, Martin and
                      Kasnatscheew, Johannes},
      title        = {{T}he {S}and equation and its enormous practical relevance
                      for solid-state lithium metal batteries},
      journal      = {Materials today},
      volume       = {44},
      issn         = {1369-7021},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2020-05033},
      pages        = {9-14},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In this work, different Li salt concentrations and ionic
                      conductivities of poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer
                      electrolytes (PEO-based SPEs) are correlated with the
                      performance of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)||Li full cells.
                      While the SPEs with different salt concentrations behave
                      similarly in NMC622||Li cells at 60 °C, their influence
                      on the specific capacities is significant at 40 °C. Below
                      a distinct salt concentration, i.e. > 20:1 (EO:Li), a
                      sudden blocking-type polarization appears, indicatable by an
                      almost vertical voltage profile, both in full and in Li||Li
                      symmetric cells. The corresponding time and current density
                      for this polarization-type is shown to mathematically fit
                      with the Sand equation, which subsequently allows
                      calculation of DLi+. According this relation, lack of Li+ in
                      the electrolyte close to the electrode surface can be
                      concluded to be the origin of this polarization, but is
                      shown to appear only for “kinetically limiting”
                      conditions e.g. above a threshold current density, above a
                      threshold SPE thickness and/or below a threshold salt
                      concentration (ionic conductivity), i.e. at mass transfer
                      limiting conditions. With the support of this relation,
                      maximal applicable current densities and/or SPE thicknesses
                      can be calculated and predicted for SPEs.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {122 - Elektrochemische Energiespeicherung (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000649193200001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.mattod.2020.11.025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888569},
}