Journal Article FZJ-2020-05033

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The Sand equation and its enormous practical relevance for solid-state lithium metal batteries

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2021
Elsevier Science Amsterdam [u.a.]

Materials today 44, 9-14 () [10.1016/j.mattod.2020.11.025]

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Abstract: In this work, different Li salt concentrations and ionic conductivities of poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes (PEO-based SPEs) are correlated with the performance of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)||Li full cells. While the SPEs with different salt concentrations behave similarly in NMC622||Li cells at 60 °C, their influence on the specific capacities is significant at 40 °C. Below a distinct salt concentration, i.e. > 20:1 (EO:Li), a sudden blocking-type polarization appears, indicatable by an almost vertical voltage profile, both in full and in Li||Li symmetric cells. The corresponding time and current density for this polarization-type is shown to mathematically fit with the Sand equation, which subsequently allows calculation of DLi+. According this relation, lack of Li+ in the electrolyte close to the electrode surface can be concluded to be the origin of this polarization, but is shown to appear only for “kinetically limiting” conditions e.g. above a threshold current density, above a threshold SPE thickness and/or below a threshold salt concentration (ionic conductivity), i.e. at mass transfer limiting conditions. With the support of this relation, maximal applicable current densities and/or SPE thicknesses can be calculated and predicted for SPEs.

Classification:

Contributing Institute(s):
  1. Helmholtz-Institut Münster Ionenleiter für Energiespeicher (IEK-12)
Research Program(s):
  1. 122 - Elektrochemische Energiespeicherung (POF4-122) (POF4-122)

Appears in the scientific report 2021
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Medline ; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 ; OpenAccess ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; Ebsco Academic Search ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 20 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection
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 Record created 2020-12-07, last modified 2024-07-12