% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Liu:891123,
      author       = {Liu, Chang and Wippermann, Klaus and Rasinski, Marcin and
                      Suo, Yanpeng and Shviro, Meital and Carmo, Marcelo and
                      Lehnert, Werner},
      title        = {{C}onstructing a {M}ultifunctional {I}nterface between
                      {M}embrane and {P}orous {T}ransport {L}ayer for {W}ater
                      {E}lectrolyzers},
      journal      = {ACS applied materials $\&$ interfaces},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1944-8244},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01375},
      pages        = {16182 - 16196},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The cell performance and durability of polymer electrolyte
                      membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers are limited by the
                      surface passivation of titanium-based porous transport
                      layers (PTLs). In order to ensure stable performance
                      profiles over time, large amounts (≥1 mg·cm–2) of noble
                      metals (Au, Pt, Ir) are most widely used to coat
                      titanium-based PTLs. However, their high cost is still a
                      major obstacle toward commercialization and widespread
                      application. In this paper, we assess different loadings of
                      iridium, ranging from 0.005 to 0.05 mg·cm–2 in titanium
                      PTLs, that consequently affect the investment costs of PEM
                      water electrolyzers. Concerning a reduction in the precious
                      metal costs, we found that Ir as a protective layer with a
                      loading of 0.025 mg·cm–2 on the PTLs would be sufficient
                      to achieve the same cell performance as PTLs with a higher
                      Ir loading. This Ir loading is a 40-fold reduction over the
                      Au or Pt loading typically used for protective layers in
                      current commercial PEM water electrolyzers. We show that the
                      Ir protective layer here not only decreases the Ohmic
                      resistance significantly, which is the largest part of the
                      gain in performance, but moreover, the oxygen evolution
                      reaction activity of the iridium layer makes it promising as
                      a cost-effective catalyst layer. Our work also confirms that
                      the proper construction of a multifunctional interface
                      between a membrane and a PTL indeed plays a crucial role in
                      guaranteeing the superior performance and efficiency of
                      electrochemical devices.},
      cin          = {IEK-14 / IEK-4},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134) / 1231 -
                      Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33798332},
      UT           = {WOS:000641156600020},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.0c20690},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891123},
}