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@ARTICLE{Chew:891473,
      author       = {Chew, Junxian and Gibbon, Paul and Brömmel, Dirk and
                      Wauters, Tom and Gribov, Yuri and de Vries, Peter},
      title        = {{T}hree-dimensional first principles simulation of a
                      hydrogen discharge},
      journal      = {Plasma physics and controlled fusion},
      volume       = {63},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1361-6587},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01549},
      pages        = {045012 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Townsend discharge theory is commonly used to describe and
                      approximate the ionisation fraction growth rate in the very
                      early phase of plasma initiation in tokamak devices via
                      ohmic breakdown. The prediction of the ionisation fraction
                      growth rate is done most commonly with continuum or kinetic
                      models, which in turn boil down to the relation between the
                      first Townsend's coefficient α, pressure p and electric
                      field strength E (namely, α/p and E/p). To date there are
                      few computational models that attempt to simulate the
                      ionisation fraction growth rate via explicit modelling of
                      each ionisation event through electron-neutral collisions.
                      This is largely due to the challenge of addressing the
                      exponential growth of charged particles from ionisation
                      processes, combined with the high computational cost of
                      N-body simulation. In this work, a new fully
                      three-dimensional, first-principles model of a Townsend
                      hydrogen discharge is demonstrated and benchmarked against
                      prior experimental findings. These tests also include
                      comparisons of three separate models for the scattering
                      angle and their impact on the obtained α/p and mean
                      electron drift velocity. It is found that isotropic
                      scattering combined with restricting the freed electron's
                      scattering angle along the incident electron's velocity
                      vector during ionisation events gives the closest agreement
                      of α/p compared to experimental measurements.},
      cin          = {JSC / IEK-4 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / Kinetic Plasma
                      Simulation with Highly Scalable Particle Codes
                      $(jzam04_20190501)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 / $G:(DE-Juel1)jzam04_20190501$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000620505300001},
      doi          = {10.1088/1361-6587/abdd75},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891473},
}