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@ARTICLE{Emmerichs:891570,
      author       = {Emmerichs, Tamara and Kerkweg, Astrid and Ouwersloot, Huug
                      and Fares, Silvano and Mammarella, Ivan and Taraborrelli,
                      Domenico},
      title        = {{A} revised dry deposition scheme for land–atmosphere
                      exchange of trace gases in {ECHAM}/{MESS}y v2.54},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1991-9603},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-01595},
      pages        = {495 - 519},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Dry deposition to vegetation is a major sink of
                      ground-level ozone and is responsible for about $20 \%$ of
                      the total tropospheric ozone loss. Its parameterization in
                      atmospheric chemistry models represents a significant source
                      of uncertainty for the global tropospheric ozone budget and
                      might account for the mismatch with observations. The model
                      used in this study, the Modular Earth Submodel System
                      version 2 (MESSy2) linked to the fifth-generation European
                      Centre Hamburg general circulation model (ECHAM5) as an
                      atmospheric circulation model (EMAC), is no exception. Like
                      many global models, EMAC employs a “resistance in
                      series” scheme with the major surface deposition via plant
                      stomata which is hardly sensitive to meteorology, depending
                      only on solar radiation. Unlike many global models, however,
                      EMAC uses a simplified high resistance for non-stomatal
                      deposition which makes this pathway negligible in the model.
                      However, several studies have shown this process to be
                      comparable in magnitude to the stomatal uptake, especially
                      during the night over moist surfaces. Hence, we present here
                      a revised dry deposition in EMAC including meteorological
                      adjustment factors for stomatal closure and an explicit
                      cuticular pathway. These modifications for the three
                      stomatal stress functions have been included in the newly
                      developed MESSy VERTEX submodel, i.e. a process model
                      describing the vertical exchange in the atmospheric boundary
                      layer, which will be evaluated for the first time here. The
                      scheme is limited by a small number of different surface
                      types and generalized parameters. The MESSy submodel
                      describing the dry deposition of trace gases and aerosols
                      (DDEP) has been revised accordingly. The comparison of the
                      simulation results with measurement data at four sites shows
                      that the new scheme enables a more realistic representation
                      of dry deposition. However, the representation is strongly
                      limited by the local meteorology. In total, the changes
                      increase the dry deposition velocity of ozone up to a factor
                      of 2 globally, whereby the highest impact arises from the
                      inclusion of cuticular uptake, especially over moist
                      surfaces. This corresponds to a $6 \%$ increase of global
                      annual dry deposition loss of ozone resulting globally in a
                      slight decrease of ground-level ozone but a regional
                      decrease of up to $25 \%.$ The change of ozone dry
                      deposition is also reasoned by the altered loss of ozone
                      precursors. Thus, the revision of the process
                      parameterization as documented here has, among others, the
                      potential to significantly reduce the overestimation of
                      tropospheric ozone in global models.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {211 - Die Atmosphäre im globalen Wandel (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-211},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000613895800001},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-14-495-2021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/891570},
}