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@ARTICLE{Kindelmann:893057,
      author       = {Kindelmann, Moritz and Ran, Ke and Rheinheimer, Wolfgang
                      and Morita, Koji and Mayer, Joachim and Bram, Martin and
                      Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{S}egregation‐controlled densification and grain growth
                      in rare earth‐doped {Y} 2 {O} 3},
      journal      = {Journal of the American Ceramic Society},
      volume       = {104},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1551-2916},
      address      = {Westerville, Ohio},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-02531},
      pages        = {4946-4959},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Cation doping of Y2O3 is an established approach for
                      tailoring densification and grain growth during sintering.
                      However, the segregation of doped cations to the grain
                      boundary and their impact on processing are still not
                      completely understood. Segregation can be driven by
                      electrostatic effects due to charge mismatch with the host
                      lattice or elastic effects induced by ion size mismatch.
                      While segregation is caused by thermodynamics, it impacts
                      diffusion and the kinetics of grain boundaries during
                      densification and microstructure evolution. In this study,
                      we utilize two isovalent dopants (La3+ and Gd3+), that is we
                      focus on the elastic component of segregation. We
                      investigate the densification as well as the grain growth
                      kinetics of both doped and undoped Y2O3 during
                      field-assisted sintering/spark plasma sintering (FAST/SPS).
                      While Gd3+ is showing no significant effect on
                      densification, La3+ resulted in a strongly reduced sintering
                      activity. Furthermore, the analysis of the grain growth
                      behavior during sintering and on predensified samples
                      revealed a decrease in the grain growth coefficient, with
                      La3+ having the strongest impact. The structure and
                      chemistry at the grain boundary were observed by
                      aberration-corrected TEM. While no structural change was
                      caused by doping, the chemical analysis showed a strong
                      segregation of La3+ to the grain boundary, which could not
                      be observed for Gd3+. The results indicate that segregated
                      La3+ causes a drastic decrease in grain boundary migration
                      rates through solute drag as well as much slower sintering
                      kinetics, likely caused by a decrease in the grain boundary
                      self-diffusion due to segregation. This study further
                      underlines the importance of the elastic contribution to
                      cation segregation and establishes a clear relationship to
                      grain growth and sintering kinetics, which are both
                      decreased by segregation.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / ER-C-2},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-2-20170209},
      pnm          = {535 - Materials Information Discovery (POF4-535)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-535},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000653243700001},
      doi          = {10.1111/jace.17907},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/893057},
}