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000893926 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGuzman-Parra, Jose$$b0
000893926 245__ $$aClinical and genetic differences between bipolar disorder type 1 and 2 in multiplex families
000893926 260__ $$aLondon$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2021
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000893926 520__ $$aThe two major subtypes of bipolar disorder (BD), BD-I and BD-II, are distinguished based on the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes. Historically, BD-II was perceived as a less severe form of BD-I. Recent research has challenged this concept of a severity continuum. Studies in large samples of unrelated patients have described clinical and genetic differences between the subtypes. Besides an increased schizophrenia polygenic risk load in BD-I, these studies also observed an increased depression risk load in BD-II patients. The present study assessed whether such clinical and genetic differences are also found in BD patients from multiplex families, which exhibit reduced genetic and environmental heterogeneity. Comparing 252 BD-I and 75 BD-II patients from the Andalusian Bipolar Family (ABiF) study, the clinical course, symptoms during depressive and manic episodes, and psychiatric comorbidities were analyzed. Furthermore, polygenic risk scores (PRS) for BD, schizophrenia, and depression were assessed. BD-I patients not only suffered from more severe symptoms during manic episodes but also more frequently showed incapacity during depressive episodes. A higher BD PRS was significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Moreover, BD-I cases exhibited lower depression PRS. In line with a severity continuum from BD-II to BD-I, our results link BD-I to a more pronounced clinical presentation in both mania and depression and indicate that the polygenic risk load of BD predisposes to more severe disorder characteristics. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the genetic risk burden for depression also shapes disorder presentation and increases the likelihood of BD-II subtype development.
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000893926 7001_ $$00000-0003-1080-4339$$aStreit, Fabian$$b1
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)186755$$aForstner, Andreas J.$$b2
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0002-4364-1487$$aStrohmaier, Jana$$b3
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGonzález, Maria José$$b4
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGil Flores, Susana$$b5
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCabaleiro Fabeiro, Francisco J.$$b6
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$adel Río Noriega, Francisco$$b7
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPerez Perez, Fermin$$b8
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHaro González, Jesus$$b9
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aOrozco Diaz, Guillermo$$b10
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0003-2384-8349$$ade Diego-Otero, Yolanda$$b11
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMoreno-Kustner, Berta$$b12
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAuburger, Georg$$b13
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDegenhardt, Franziska$$b14
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHeilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie$$b15
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0002-2786-8200$$aHerms, Stefan$$b16
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHoffmann, Per$$b17
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0003-4867-9465$$aFrank, Josef$$b18
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0003-1067-5725$$aFoo, Jerome C.$$b19
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0002-7989-5833$$aSirignano, Lea$$b20
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0002-1571-1468$$aWitt, Stephanie H.$$b21
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)140234$$aCichon, Sven$$b22
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRivas, Fabio$$b23
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMayoral, Fermín$$b24
000893926 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNöthen, Markus M.$$b25
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0002-2917-5889$$aAndlauer, Till F. M.$$b26$$eCorresponding author
000893926 7001_ $$00000-0002-5236-6149$$aRietschel, Marcella$$b27
000893926 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2609311-X$$a10.1038/s41398-020-01146-0$$gVol. 11, no. 1, p. 31$$n1$$p31$$tTranslational Psychiatry$$v11$$x2158-3188$$y2021
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