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@ARTICLE{Heinrichs:901908,
      author       = {Heinrichs, Bert},
      title        = {{A}dvance research directives: avoiding double standards},
      journal      = {BMC medical ethics},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {137},
      issn         = {1472-6939},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03896},
      pages        = {},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Advance research directives (ARD) have been suggested as a
                      means by which to facilitate research with incapacitated
                      subjects, in particular in the context of dementia research.
                      However, established disclosure requirements for study
                      participation raise an ethical problem for the application
                      of ARDs: While regular consent procedures call for detailed
                      information on a specific study (“token disclosure”),
                      ARDs can typically only include generic information (“type
                      disclosure”). The introduction of ARDs could thus
                      establish a double standard in the sense that within the
                      context of ARDs, type disclosure would be considered
                      sufficient, while beyond this context, token disclosure
                      would remain necessary.},
      cin          = {INM-8},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-8-20090406},
      pnm          = {5255 - Neuroethics and Ethics of Information (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34627232},
      UT           = {WOS:000705226900001},
      doi          = {10.1186/s12910-021-00704-5},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/901908},
}