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@ARTICLE{vanWaasen:903244,
      author       = {van Waasen, Stefan and Genster, Christoph and Göttel,
                      Alexandre and Guo, Yuhang and Kampmann, Philipp and Liu,
                      Runxuan and Ludhova, Livia and Schever, Michaela and
                      Settanta, Giulio and Vollbrecht, Moritz Cornelius and Xu,
                      Yu},
      title        = {{JUNO} physics and detector},
      journal      = {Progress in particle and nuclear physics},
      volume       = {122},
      issn         = {0146-6410},
      address      = {Frankfurt, M.},
      publisher    = {Pergamon Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04951},
      pages        = {103927},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a
                      20 kton liquid scintillator detector in a laboratory at
                      700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a
                      large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for
                      addressing many important topics in neutrino and
                      astro-particle physics. With six years of data, the neutrino
                      mass ordering can be determined at a 3-4 significance and
                      the neutrino oscillation parameters , , and can be measured
                      to a precision of $0.6\%$ or better, by detecting reactor
                      antineutrinos from the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power
                      plants. With ten years of data, neutrinos from all past
                      core-collapse supernovae could be observed at a 3
                      significance; a lower limit of the proton lifetime, years
                      $(90\%$ C.L.), can be set by searching for ; detection of
                      solar neutrinos would shed new light on the solar
                      metallicity problem and examine the vacuum-matter transition
                      region. A typical core-collapse supernova at a distance of
                      10 kpc would lead to inverse-beta-decay events and (300)
                      all-flavor neutrino-proton (electron) elastic scattering
                      events in JUNO. Geo-neutrinos can be detected with a rate of
                      events per year. Construction of the detector is very
                      challenging. In this review, we summarize the final design
                      of the JUNO detector and the key $R\&D$ achievements,
                      following the Conceptual Design Report in 2015 (Djurcic et
                      al., 2015). All 20-inch PMTs have been procured and tested.
                      The average photon detection efficiency is $28.9\%$ for the
                      15,000 MCP PMTs and $28.1\%$ for the 5,000 dynode PMTs,
                      higher than the JUNO requirement of $27\%.$ Together with
                      the m attenuation length of the liquid scintillator achieved
                      in a 20-ton pilot purification test and the transparency of
                      the acrylic panel, we expect a yield of 1345 photoelectrons
                      per MeV and an effective relative energy resolution of in
                      simulations (Abusleme et al., 2021). To maintain the high
                      performance, the underwater electronics is designed to have
                      a loss rate in six years. With degassing membranes and a
                      micro-bubble system, the radon concentration in the 35 kton
                      water pool could be lowered to mBq/m. Acrylic panels of
                      radiopurity ppt U/Th for the 35.4-m diameter liquid
                      scintillator vessel are produced with a dedicated production
                      line. The 20 kton liquid scintillator will be purified
                      onsite with Alumina filtration, distillation, water
                      extraction, and gas stripping. Together with other low
                      background handling, singles in the fiducial volume can be
                      controlled to . The JUNO experiment also features a double
                      calorimeter system with 25,600 3-inch PMTs, a liquid
                      scintillator testing facility OSIRIS, and a near detector
                      TAO.},
      cin          = {ZEA-2 / IKP-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IKP-2-20111104},
      pnm          = {612 - Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory (POF4-612)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-612},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)External-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000748726700002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103927},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/903244},
}