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@ARTICLE{Deutz:904183,
      author       = {Deutz, Sarah and Bardow, André},
      title        = {{L}ife-cycle assessment of an industrial direct air capture
                      process based on temperature–vacuum swing adsorption},
      journal      = {Nature energy},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2058-7546},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05753},
      pages        = {203 - 213},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Current climate targets require negative carbon dioxide
                      (CO2) emissions. Direct air capture is a promising negative
                      emission technology, but energy and material demands lead to
                      trade-offs with indirect emissions and other environmental
                      impacts. Here, we show by life-cycle assessment that the
                      commercial direct air capture plants in Hinwil and
                      Hellisheiði operated by Climeworks can already achieve
                      negative emissions today, with carbon capture efficiencies
                      of $85.4\%$ and $93.1\%.$ The climate benefits of direct air
                      capture, however, depend strongly on the energy source. When
                      using low-carbon energy, as in Hellisheiði, adsorbent
                      choice and plant construction become more important,
                      inducing up to 45 and 15 gCO2e per kilogram CO2 captured,
                      respectively. Large-scale deployment of direct air capture
                      for $1\%$ of the global annual CO2 emissions would not be
                      limited by material and energy availability. However, the
                      current small-scale production of amines for the adsorbent
                      would need to be scaled up by more than an order of
                      magnitude. Other environmental impacts would increase by
                      less than $0.057\%$ when using wind power and by up to
                      $0.30\%$ for the global electricity mix forecasted for 2050.
                      Energy source and efficiency are essential for direct air
                      capture to enable both negative emissions and low-carbon
                      fuels.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {330},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000614670900001},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41560-020-00771-9},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904183},
}