% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Na:905805,
      author       = {Na, Youngseung and Khadke, Prashant and Glüsen, Andreas
                      and Kimiaie, Nicola and Müller, Martin and Krewer, Ulrike},
      title        = {{A} robust methanol concentration sensing technique in
                      direct methanol fuel cells and stacks using cell dynamics},
      journal      = {International journal of hydrogen energy},
      volume       = {47},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0360-3199},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01025},
      pages        = {6237-6246},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The electrochemical behaviour of direct methanol fuel cells
                      (DMFCs) is sensitive to methanol concentration; thus, to
                      avoid external sensors, it is a promising candidate to
                      monitor the concentration of methanol in the fuel
                      circulation loop, which is central to the efficient
                      operation of direct methanol fuel cell systems. We address
                      this issue and report on an extremely robust electrochemical
                      methanol sensing technique that is not sensitive to
                      temperature, cell degradation and membrane electrode
                      assembly (MEA) type. We develop a temperature independent
                      empirical correlation of the dynamic response of cell
                      voltage to step changes in current with methanol
                      concentration. This equation is successfully validated under
                      various operating scenarios at both the single cell and
                      stack levels. Our sensing method achieves an impressive
                      accuracy of ±0.1 M and this is expected to increase the
                      reliability of methanol sensing and simplify the control
                      logic of DMFC systems.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000749265100002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.249},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/905805},
}