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@ARTICLE{Stolz:906590,
      author       = {Stolz, Lukas and Hochstädt, Sebastian and Röser, Stephan
                      and Hansen, Michael Ryan and Winter, Martin and
                      Kasnatscheew, Johannes},
      title        = {{S}ingle-{I}on versus {D}ual-{I}on {C}onducting
                      {E}lectrolytes: {T}he {R}elevance of {C}oncentration
                      {P}olarization in {S}olid-{S}tate {B}atteries},
      journal      = {ACS applied materials $\&$ interfaces},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1944-8244},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-01541},
      pages        = {11559–11566},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Lithium batteries with solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs)
                      and mobile ions are prone to mass transport limitations,
                      that is, concentration polarization, creating a
                      concentration gradient with Li+-ion (and counter-anion)
                      depletion toward the respective electrode, as can be
                      electrochemically observed in, for example, symmetric Li||Li
                      cells and confirmed by Sand and diffusion equations. The
                      effect of immobile anions is systematically investigated in
                      this work. Therefore, network-based SPEs are synthesized
                      with either mobile (dual-ion conduction) or immobile anions
                      (single-ion conduction) and proved via solvation tests and
                      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It is shown that
                      the SPE with immobile anions does not suffer from
                      concentration polarization, thus disagreeing with Sand and
                      diffusion assumptions, consequently suggesting single-ion
                      (Li+) transport via migration instead. Nevertheless, the
                      practical relevance of single-ion conduction can be debated.
                      Under practical conditions, that is, below the limiting
                      current, the concentration polarization is generally not
                      pronounced with DIC-based electrolytes, rendering the
                      beneficial effect of SIC redundant and DIC a better choice
                      due to better kinetical aspects under these conditions.
                      Also, the observed dendritic Li in both electrolytes
                      questions a relevant impact of mass transport on its
                      formation, at least in SPEs.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35192769},
      UT           = {WOS:000787543300048},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.2c00084},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/906590},
}