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@ARTICLE{Gutsch:908159,
      author       = {Gutsch, Moritz and Leker, Jens},
      title        = {{G}lobal warming potential of lithium-ion battery energy
                      storage systems: {A} review},
      journal      = {Journal of energy storage},
      volume       = {52},
      number       = {Part C},
      issn         = {2352-152X},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-02423},
      pages        = {105030 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Decentralised lithium-ion battery energy storage systems
                      (BESS) can address some of the electricity storage
                      challenges of a low-carbon power sector by increasing the
                      share of self-consumption for photovoltaic systems of
                      residential households. Understanding the greenhouse gas
                      emissions (GHG) associated with BESSs through a life cycle
                      assessment (LCA) is important. This review is the first
                      review to look at life cycle assessments of residential
                      BESSs. Our analysis reveals that GHG emissions associated
                      with 1 kWh lifetime electricity stored (kWhd) in the BESS
                      are between 9 and 135 g CO2eq/kWhd. Surprisingly, BESSs
                      using NMC were consistently reported with lower emissions
                      for 1 kWhd than BESSs using LFP. Expanding the system
                      boundary to include the photovoltaic system used for
                      charging the BESS, the photovoltaic system contributed
                      40–70 $\%$ to total GHG emissions. Only two out of 13 LCA
                      studies provided own primary data for the BESS. Therefore,
                      additional sources for primary data were identified. GHG
                      emissions associated with LFP and NMC lithium-ion battery
                      production showed mixed results, depending on the data
                      source. Employing most up-to-date primary data we find LFP
                      with 8 g CO2eq/kWhd and NMC with 12–14 g CO2eq/kWhd,
                      challenging some results of reviewed studies.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000815975200001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.est.2022.105030},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/908159},
}