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000911320 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRybakov, Filipp N.$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000911320 245__ $$aMagnetic hopfions in solids
000911320 260__ $$aMelville, NY$$bAIP Publ.$$c2022
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000911320 520__ $$aHopfions are an intriguing class of string-like solitons, named according to a classical topological concept classifying three-dimensional direction fields. The search for hopfions in real physical systems has been ongoing for nearly half a century, starting with the seminal work of Faddeev. However, so far, realizations in bulk solids are missing. Here, we show that hopfions appear as emergent particles of the classical Heisenberg model with competing exchange interactions. This requires going beyond the model approach used in prior work and deriving a general micromagnetic energy functional directly from a spin-lattice Hamiltonian. We present a definite parameter space in which the existence of hopfions is possible. This opens a concrete vista to combine computational approaches such as density functional theory with material informatics to find magnetic crystals that can host hopfions. As proof of principle, we show how zero-field hopfions can be visualized by the means of off-axis electron holography in a transmission electron microscope.
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000911320 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)145390$$aKiselev, Nikolai S.$$b1
000911320 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBorisov, Aleksandr B.$$b2
000911320 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDöring, Lukas$$b3
000911320 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMelcher, Christof$$b4
000911320 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130548$$aBlügel, Stefan$$b5
000911320 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2722985-3$$a10.1063/5.0099942$$gVol. 10, no. 11, p. 111113 -$$n11$$p111113 -$$tAPL materials$$v10$$x2166-532X$$y2022
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000911320 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-HGF)0$$a Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden$$b0
000911320 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-HGF)0$$a Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden$$b0
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000911320 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-HGF)0$$a Independent Researcher, 68b Amundsen Street, Ekaterinburg 620146, Russia$$b2
000911320 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-HGF)0$$a Department of Mathematics and JARA FIT, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany$$b3
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