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@ARTICLE{Rbbelke:912005,
author = {Rübbelke, Dirk and Vögele, Stefan and Grajewski, Matthias
and Zobel, Luzy},
title = {{H}ydrogen-based steel production and global climate
protection: {A}n empirical analysis of the potential role of
a {E}uropean cross border adjustment mechanism},
journal = {Journal of cleaner production},
volume = {380},
number = {Part B},
issn = {0959-6526},
address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
reportid = {FZJ-2022-05235},
pages = {135040 -},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The European Union’s aim to become climate neutral by
2050 necessitates ambitious efforts to reduce carbon
emissions. Large reductions can be particularly attained in
energy intensive sectors like iron and steel. In order to
prevent the relocation of such industries outside the EU in
the course of tightening environmental regulations, the
establishment of a climate club jointly with other large
emitters and alternatively the unilateral implementation of
an international cross-border carbon tax mechanism are
proposed. Our article focuses on the latter option choosing
the steel sector as an example. In particular, we
investigate the financial conditions under which a European
cross border mechanism is capable to protect hydrogen-based
steel production routes employed in Europe against more
polluting competition from abroad. By using a floor price
model, we assess the competitiveness of different steel
production routes in selected countries. We evaluate the
climate friendliness of steel production on the basis of
specific GHG emissions. In addition, we utilize an
input-output price model. It enables us to assess impacts of
rising cost of steel production on commodities that use
steel as intermediates. Our results raise the concern that a
cross-border tax mechanism will not suffice to bring about
competitiveness of hydrogen-based steel production in Europe
because the cost tends to remain higher than the cost of
steel production in e.g. China. Steel is a classic example
for a good used mainly as intermediate for other products.
Therefore, a cross-border tax mechanism for steel will
increase the price of products produced in the EU that
require steel as an input. This can in turn adversely affect
competitiveness of these sectors. Hence , the effects of
higher steel costs on European exports should be born in
mind and could require the cross-border adjustment mechanism
to also subsidize exports.},
cin = {IEK-STE},
ddc = {330},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
pnm = {1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
(POF4-111)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
UT = {WOS:000894774000006},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135040},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/912005},
}