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@ARTICLE{Lebendig:915901,
      author       = {Lebendig, Florian and Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{E}ffect of pre-treatment of herbaceous feedstocks on
                      behavior of inorganic constituents under chemical looping
                      gasification ({CLG}) conditions},
      journal      = {Green chemistry},
      volume       = {24},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {1463-9262},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-05770},
      pages        = {9643-9658},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Biomass chemical looping gasification (BCLG) is a promising
                      key technology for producing carbon neutral liquid biofuels.
                      However, various ash-related issues, such as bed
                      agglomeration, fouling and slagging, or high-temperature
                      corrosion may cause significant economic and ecologic
                      challenges for reliable implementation of BCLG. Biomass
                      pre-treatment methods, such as torrefaction,
                      (water-)leaching and combination of both approaches may
                      significantly improve ash-related characteristics and
                      therefore provide a promising approach for enabling the use
                      of herbaceous residues. This study deals with essential
                      lab-scale investigations under well-defined,
                      gasification-like conditions at 950 °C, joint with
                      thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Fundamental
                      knowledge on the influence of pre-treatment methods on the
                      release and fate of volatile inorganics as well as on the
                      ash melting behavior of the residual ashes was gained.
                      Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry (MBMS) was applied for in
                      situ online hot gas analysis of (non-)condensable gas
                      species during gasification of pre-treated feedstocks. Both
                      ash composition and behavior were characterized particularly
                      by X-ray powder diffraction method and hot stage microscopy
                      (HSM). The results obtained by chemical characterization
                      were taken into account for thermodynamic modelling. Based
                      on the results, conclusions were drawn on how different
                      pre-treatment technologies can help to improve and solve
                      ash-related issues during thermochemical conversions. It has
                      been demonstrated that (combined) pre-treatment methods can
                      counteract the above-mentioned problems and have a
                      noticeable effect on the principal inorganic constituents
                      (e.g. K, Ca, Si) originating from the ash by shifting their
                      proportions.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1241 - Gas turbines (POF4-124) / CLARA - Chemical Looping
                      gAsification foR sustainAble production of biofuels
                      (817841)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1241 / G:(EU-Grant)817841},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000888817300001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D2GC02906E},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/915901},
}