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| Hauptseite > Publikationsdatenbank > Techno-ökonomisches Potenzial dezentraler und autarker Energiesysteme |
| Book/Dissertation / PhD Thesis | FZJ-2025-03149 |
2025
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag
Jülich
ISBN: 978-3-95806-829-2
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Please use a persistent id in citations: urn:nbn:de:0001-2508050855091.428112092840 doi:10.34734/FZJ-2025-03149
Abstract: In the historical energy system, energy supply was provided by centralized large-scale power plants. The spatial distribution of the generators could be freely chosen, taking into account the proximity to consumption and fuel deposits, for example in the case of lignite. The expansion of renewable energy sources, on the other hand, leads to a large number of decentralized generators in the energy system. The conflict between generation conditions and proximity to consumption in the spatial allocation of generators is one of the central elements in the discussion about the desired decentralization. In addition, the small-scale nature of renewable generators has created space for a diversity of actors. For example, energy regions are driving the energy transition at the regional level. In this work, the goals of energy regions, for example in terms of self-sufficiency, are evaluated and the potential of the municipalities to achieve these goals is identified. At the same time, the study of the decentralization of the national energy system is the subject of this work. For this purpose, the regional energy system model ETHOS.FineRegions is being developed at municipal level. The utilization of clustering methods allows for the model to be applied at the national scale. An influential variable of the analysis is the potential of renewable energy sources. In particular, the regional location of potential sites for wind energy and PV plants is crucial for the objectives of the work. Accordingly, detailed potential analyses are performed. In the Reference-scenario, 10 231 out of 11 003 municipalities with 52% of the German population have the potential to become energy self-sufficient. Furthermore, the results show that efforts of regions to establish a self-sufficient energy supply are associated with disadvantages: High-population or industrial demand centers face extreme costs or are unable to meet their needs independently. Regions with large renewable generation potentials can partially achieve self-sufficient energy supply at moderate costs but forgo large revenue opportunities from energy exports. There is no downside to striving for net self-sufficiency as long as it is consistent with national expansion goals and is not seen as a cap on renewable expansion within regions. The study of different decentralization scenarios with 350 model nodes in a national context shows that insufficient interconnection leads to a sharp increase in system costs: An unconnected system is 56% more expensive than the optimally connected power system due to the large storage capacities and the prevented integration of centralized components. In addition, shifting PV systems from open space to rooftops can lead to a more balanced distribution of generation in the power system at a moderate additional cost of 4%. Substitution of wind turbines leads to even more regionally balanced generation, but at a higher incremental cost of 12%.
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