Journal Article

FZJ-2025-05101

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Hybrid Learning Enables Reproducible >24% Efficiency in Autonomously Fabricated Perovskites Solar Cells

Wang, Y. (Corresponding author)FZJ* ; Perea-Puente, S. ; Le Corre, V. M. ; Wu, Z.FZJ* ; Sytnyk, M.FZJ* ; These, A.FZJ* ; Zhang, J.FZJ* ; Li, C. ; Lüer, L. ; Hauch, J.FZJ* ; Brabec, C.FZJ* ; Peters, I. M. (Corresponding author)FZJ*

2026
Wiley-VCH Weinheim

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1002/aenm.202504340

Abstract: Achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with satisfactory reproducibility remains a major challenge due to their intrinsic susceptibility to processing variations and environmental fluctuations. To address this challenge, this study introduces an autonomous optimization framework that integrates hybrid machine learning and high-throughput experimentation with modified gradient ascent methods to optimize fabrication processes and minimize experimental variances. The framework successfully maps the complex, non-linear interdependencies between fabrication parameters and reveals the critical decoupling of photovoltaic metrics. Optimization across seven rounds and 144 parameter sets results in pronounced power conversion efficiency (PCE) and reproducibility enhancement on the platform. The optimized procedure delivers champion devices achieving PCEs exceeding 24%, surpassing the experience manual operator performance (20.6% PCE, CV >25%) and reducing the coefficient of variation (CV) to below 4.7%, with improvements consistently validated across independent trials. This work offers a practical strategy for improving PSC performance and reproducibility, while laying a foundation for scalable manufacturing and accelerated materials development.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg Erneuerbare Energien (IET-2)

Research Program(s):

1. 1213 - Cell Design and Development (POF4-121) (POF4-121)

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Database coverage:
; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Engineering, Computing and Technology ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; DEAL Wiley ; Ebsco Academic Search ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 25 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection

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