Journal Article

FZJ-2026-00893

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Over one-micron-thick void-free perovskite layers enable highly efficient and fully printed solar cells

Qiu, S. ; Majewski, M.FZJ* ; Dong, L. ; Distler, A. ; Li, C. ; Forberich, K.FZJ* ; Tian, J. ; Hemasiri, N. H. ; Liu, C.FZJ* ; Zhang, J.FZJ* ; Yang, F. ; Le Corre, V. M. ; Bibrack, M.FZJ* ; Basu, R. ; Barabash, A.FZJ* ; Harting, J.FZJ* ; Ronsin, O. J. J. (Corresponding author)FZJ* ; Du, T. ; Egelhaaf, H.-J. ; Brabec, C. J. (Corresponding author)FZJ*

2025
RSC Publ. Cambridge

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1039/D5EE01722J  doi:10.34734/FZJ-2026-00893

Abstract: Commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics hinges on the successful transition from laboratory-scale fabrication to industrial-scale manufacturing. A key challenge in fully printed perovskite solar cells with non-reflecting back electrodes is the deposition of high-quality, over-one-micron-thick perovskite layers to minimize photocurrent losses from incomplete light absorption. However, the formation of voids at the substrate/perovskite interface impedes the fabrication of such layers. Here, phase-field simulations reveal that the bottom voids originate from trapped residual solvents, driven by nanocrystal aggregation at the liquid–vapor interface during drying. Guided by these insights, we introduce a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite layer-assisted growth strategy to promote heterogeneous nucleation at the substrate, accelerating 3D perovskite crystallization and preventing solvent entrapment. This strategy enables the formation of highly crystalline, monolithic perovskite films exceeding one micrometer in thickness. The resulting void-free films maximize photocurrent extraction, achieving power conversion efficiencies of 19.9% on rigid substrates and 17.5% on flexible substrates in fully printed perovskite solar cells with non-reflecting carbon electrodes.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg Erneuerbare Energien (IET-2)
2. Photovoltaik (IMD-3)

Research Program(s):

1. 1215 - Simulations, Theory, Optics, and Analytics (STOA) (POF4-121) (POF4-121)
2. DFG project G:(GEPRIS)506698391 - Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen von Prozessparametern zur Herstellung dicker und defektfreier Perowskit-Schichten (506698391) (506698391)

Appears in the scientific report 2025

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Database coverage:
; ; ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences ; Current Contents - Engineering, Computing and Technology ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 30 ; JCR ; National-Konsortium ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection

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