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| Dataset | FZJ-2026-04891 |
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2026
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.34734/FZJ-2026-04891
Abstract: CRISTA-ASTRO-SPAS satellite data refers to atmospheric measurements collected by the instrument CRISTA (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere), which flew on Space Shuttle missions in 1994 and 1997.CRISTA was a high-resolution infrared limb sounder with a unique cryogenic, multi-telescope design that enabled 3D mapping of the middle atmosphere - especially valuable for studying ozone chemistry and atmospheric dynamics. An optical system of 3 telescopes, but 4 viewing direction and four grating spectrometers with moderate resolution (~500) in the 4-15 µm wavelength region, and in the high-altitude spectrometer up to 71 µm. This technique gave the opportunity to retrieve a couple of important trace gases like ozone, Freon 11 and 12, N2O, CH4, HNO3, ClONO2, and water vapour, as well as tropopause to thermosphere temperature distributions (Offermann et al. 1999, Grossmann et al., 2002).CRISTA analyzes the infrared radiation emitted by trace gases from the Earth limb in the altitude regime from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere. The main aim of CRISTA was to detect small-scale dynamically induced structures in the distribution of trace constituents in the middle atmosphere. The instrument is therefore equipped with three telescopes that simultaneously collect the infrared radiation from three different air volumes. The high spatial density of the measurement grid obtained during the first CRISTA mission in November 1994, as well as the latitudinal coverage, was considerably improved by making use of newly developed satellite pointing and maneuvering capabilities. The altitude coverage was extended to include the upper troposphere where water vapor distributions are analyzed. Dynamically induced features are observed in practically all trace gases and at various spatial scales. The smallest scales that could be analyzed based on the CRISTA data set are well below 100 km. Compared to the first mission, much more emphasis was laid on measurements in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere - this was possible because of higher radiometric sensitivities in some channels. Atomic oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ozone densities are derived in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere but are not part of the standard data products.The mission conditions allowed the study of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) over the Antarctic and of polar mesospheric clouds (PMC) at high northern latitudes, cirrus clouds around the tropopause as well as more recent for the first time the aerosol compounds ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in Asian anticyclone. General information on the Level 0 to Level 2 processing (raw data up to retrieval products) can be found in Riese et al. (1999).For more details on the specific data processing for the data archive and scientific outcome the CRISTA data the reader is referenced to a Technical Note (and references therein) prepared for ESA as part of the LOLIPOP ESA-CCI project (https://atris.fz-juelich.de/CRISTA/CRISTA-SPAS-1_L2.nc/media/commit/9fabb81903705071ef4a693940dcc71d3d5cc888/D7.7_LOLIPOP_TN-7.7_v1.0.pdf). Grossmann, K. U., D.Offermann, O.Gusev, J.Oberheide, M.Riese, and R.Spang, The CRISTA-2 mission, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 8173, doi:10.1029/2001JD000667, 2002. Offermann, D., K.-U.Grossmann, P.Barthol, P.Knieling, M.Riese, and R.Trant (1999), Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment and middle atmosphere variability, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D13), 16311–16325, doi:10.1029/1998JD100047. Riese, M., R.Spang, P.Preusse, M.Ern, M.Jarisch, D.Offermann, and K. U.Grossmann (1999), Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) data processing and atmospheric temperature and trace gas retrieval, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D13), 16349–16367, doi:10.1029/1998JD100057.
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