Open Access

Improving solid electrolytes is critical for high-performance all-solid-state batteries, yet the microstructural features that enable fast ion transport remain poorly understood. Here, we use multiscale modeling to resolve polycrystalline ion transport from atomic-scale hopping at grain boundaries to continuum-scale percolation, thereby providing insights into realistic solid-electrolyte microstructures. [...]

The lack of energy balance closure in Eddy- Covariance (EC) measurements is a well-known, still unresolved challenge in mi-crometeorology, with energy balance closure (EBC) rates typically ranging between 60% and 80%. While numerous hypotheseshave been proposed to explain this imbalance, the relative contributions of neglected energy storage terms, data quality and fluxprocessing options remain insufficiently disentangled. [...]

The emerging field of orbitronics, which exploits the orbital degree of freedom of electrons rather than spin for information processing, offers a promising platform for next-generation eco-friendly electronic devices. It is also regarded a viable alternativeto spintronics, with orbital degree of freedom playing a central role in transport phenomena and magnetization manipulation. [...]

Data editing with generative methods typically requires differentiable objectives and gradient-based search. However, these assumptions break down in flow-based settings, where edits are performed through forward and backward integration and often involve non-differentiable or black-box objectives. [...]

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a path to policy improvement from logged data alone, using historical returns or other measurable outcomes as world feedback. A key difficulty is improving observed behavior without extrapolating beyond what the offline data supports. [...]