Open Access

Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly critical in the exascale era, where even small improvements at the GPU or node level can translate into significant energy savings and cost reductions. JUPITER, the first exascale supercomputer powered by NVIDIA GPUs, underscores the importance of understanding energy behavior across diverse applications. [...]

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool for probing molecular structure and dynamics, but conventional high-field systems are bulky and suffer from field inhomogeneities. Zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) NMR overcomes these limits by exploiting internal spin interactions in a magnet-free, shielded environment. [...]

We analyze the domain of validity of a quantum optical model that describes the effects of gravitational redshift on the quantum state of photons that propagate in curved spacetime. This model assumes that the modes defining the initial state of the photon are mixed with an auxiliary environment mode via an effective multimode mixer. [...]

As conventional CMOS technology approaches its scaling limits, alternative memory and logic device concepts are being actively pursued. Among these, resistive and ferroelectric switching mechanisms have emerged as promising candidates for non-volatile memory technologies due to their potential for high density, low power consumption, and compatibility with existing semiconductor processes. [...]

The growing demand for renewable energy and the need for efficient energy conversion technologies have spurred significant interest in solid oxide cells (SOCs). Recently, proton-conducting ceramic cells (PCCs) have gained considerable attention due to their potential to operate at lower temperatures than oxygen-ion-conducting SOCs. [...]

Platinum-based (Pt-based) compounds remain a cornerstone of chemotherapy, yet their clinical use is limited mainly due to poor tumor specificity and systemic toxicities. Fatty acid conjugation has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional platinum drugs by enhancing lipophilicity, improving cellular uptake, and potentially acting as prodrugs with altered physicochemical properties and binding kinetics to biomolecular targets. [...]

The tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cell is poised to dominate silicon photovoltaics, yet the atomic-scale nature of pinholes—local disruptions in the SiOx layer enabling direct conduction—remains unresolved despite its critical importance for device performance. Here, using spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, the TOPCon interface is uncovered at the atomic level, revealing two distinct pinhole types: recombinational pinholes with oxygen-depleted Si–Si contacts, and previously unknown passivating pinholes that retain sufficient oxygen to passivate dangling bonds while enabling carrier tunneling. [...]

Bulk condensation of steam within a nuclear containment vessel can significantly influence the evolution of pressure, temperature, and gas composition during post-accident transients. Depending on the accident sequence, it can occur at various stages, during which steam is released into the containment under near-saturation conditions. [...]

Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are widely used as an efficient alternative for estimating soil hydraulic properties. However, insufficient understanding of how specific input data characteristics drive PTF prediction performance, coupled with challenges in assessing PTF transferability beyond their development datasets, limit their robustness and broad application. [...]

Ra incorporation into (Ba,Ra)SO4 solid solutions is a key control on Ra mobility in groundwater systems and typically occurs through coprecipitation and recrystallization. The effectiveness and persistence of these mechanisms under long-term reactive transport conditions remain poorly constrained, particularly in fractured crystalline rocks, where Ra migration is controlled by the coupled effects of heterogeneous flow, advective–diffusive transport, fracture-matrix mass exchange, reaction kinetics, and evolving hydrogeochemical conditions. [...]