Charakterisierung der Quellverteilung von Feinstaub und Stickoxiden in ländlichem und städtischem Gebiet

Urban, Susanna

Book	PreJuSER-12159

Charakterisierung der Quellverteilung von Feinstaub und Stickoxiden in ländlichem und städtischem Gebiet

Urban, S. (Corresponding author)FZJ*

2010
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag Jülich
ISBN: 978-3-89336-669-9

Jülich : Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich : Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment 84, VI, 211 S. (2010) = Univ. Wuppertal, Diss., 2010

Please use a persistent id in citations: http://hdl.handle.net/2128/3816

Abstract: By the entry of anthropogenic emissions, the air quality is especially impacted in urban center. Thus, EU-wide limits of gas phase components, e.g. NO$_{2}$ und O$_{3}$, and particulate matter concentration (PM10) exist to protect human health. Particulary, high particulate matter concentrations are more and more of interest because of their adverse health effect on the human respiratory system. Therefore a network of stationary measurements in different loaded and inhabited regions monitors the air quality in Germany. In contrast to these selective stationary facilities, this thesis presents mobile measurements to determine concentration fields of gases and particles. Therefore, a ”driving air-lab“ with a large set of temporally high resolved instruments to measure gas and particulate phase as well as geographical and meteorological parameters has been built up. The particulate measurement technique includes PM10- and PM2.5-collections and real-time ELPI measurements of time resolved particle size concentrations. Additionally, the installation of gas phase detection technique for NO$_{2}$, NO, O$_{3}$, CO as well as for volatile organic hydrocarbons completes the ” driving air-lab“. During the three measurement campaigns lasting several weeks the temporal and spatial distribution of particulate and gas phase concentrations in rural, suburban and urban area in the region of the Bodensee, in the city region of Düsseldorf and close to the highway in the area of Jülich could be determined and classified. During the measurement campaign ZEPTER-2 the ” driving air-lab“ formed the groundbase to the concurrent vertical profile measurements of the zeppelin. The comparison of the measuring systems of all parameters during the intermediate landing of the zeppelin showed a very good agreement. The use of adequate percentile filters allowed the separation of the local traffic peaks from the total background. It could be demonstrated that the total background is composed of quantifying fractions of the regional and the urban background. The difference of the current measuring signals and the regional background represents the maximum achievable release potential through traffic related activities for traffic dominated trace substances. Moreover, typical particulate size distributions and VOC-compositions of different contamination scenarios (urban, suburban and rural with biogenic contribution) could be determined. Adequate weather conditions approved the investigation of inversion layers of trace substances by the passing of a mountain when using the ” driving air-lab“. During the measurement campaign in Düsseldorf three characteristic measuring scenarios of a city, arterial streets, side streets and a tunnel, were distinguished. The correlation analysis showed a coemission of particles and nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, a total background concentration-field with street resolution of a residential area was created which reveals that the representativeness of a hypothetical measuring station only reaches a few 100 m. The multiregression analysis with source pattern of different engine systems in variable operating conditions demonstrated that the main contribution of the VOC-emissions derives from gasoline engines in cold start status.

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