Journal Article

PreJuSER-19650

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Canopy conundrums: building on the Biosphere 2 experience to scale measurements of inner and outer canopy photoprotection from the leaf to the landscape

Nichol, C. J. ; Pieruschka, R.FZJ* ; Takayama, K. ; Förser, B. ; Kolber, Z. ; Rascher, U.FZJ* ; Grace, J. ; Robinson, S. A. ; Pogson, B. ; Osmond, B.

2012
CSIRO Publ. Collingwood, Victoria

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1071/FP11255

Abstract: Recognising that plant leaves are the fundamental productive units of terrestrial vegetation and the complexity of different environments in which they must function, this review considers a few of the ways in which these functions may be measured and potentially scaled to the canopy. Although canopy photosynthetic productivity is clearly the sum of all leaves in the canopy, we focus on the quest for 'economical insights' from measurements that might facilitate integration of leaf photosynthetic activities into canopy performance, to better inform modelling based on the 'insights of economics'. It is focussed on the reversible downregulation of photosynthetic efficiency in response to light environment and stress and summarises various xanthophyll-independent and dependent forms of photoprotection within the inner and outer canopy of woody plants. Two main themes are developed. First, we review experiments showing the retention of leaves that grow old in the shade may involve more than the 'payback times' required to recover the costs of their construction and maintenance. In some cases at least, retention of these leaves may reflect selection for distinctive properties that contribute to canopy photosynthesis through utilisation of sun flecks or provide 'back up' capacity following damage to the outer canopy. Second, we report experiments offering hope that remote sensing of photosynthetic properties in the outer canopy (using chlorophyll fluorescence and spectral reflectance technologies) may overcome problems of access and provide integrated measurements of these properties in the canopy as a whole. Finding appropriate tools to scale photosynthesis from the leaf to the landscape still presents a challenge but this synthesis identifies some measurements and criteria in the laboratory and the field that improve our understanding of inner and outer canopy processes.

Keyword(s): J ; avocado (auto) ; chlorophyll fluorescence (auto) ; LIFT (auto) ; lutein-epoxide cycle (auto) ; NPQ (auto) ; PAM photoacclimation (auto) ; photoinhibition (auto) ; PRI (auto) ; violaxanthin cycle (auto)

Note: The unique opportunity to advance experimental ecosystem and climate change research in B2 L owed most to support from Edward P Bass (the owner of Biosphere 2), to visionary leadership from Michael Crow (then Executive Vice-Provost and Director of the Earth Institute, Columbia University) and to the huge 'can do' effort from many skilled technicians, engineers and researchers. We are grateful to Tony Kendle, Foundation Director of the Eden Project, for access to that facility and to Donald Murray (Curator) and Dina Gallick (Team Leader) of the Tropical Biome for assistance with location of specimens and support with sampling protocols. Field measurements in avocado orchards were facilitated by the management of the 'The House without Steps' (Alstonville NSW) and by John Leonardi (Avocados Australia). Joe Berry (Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Global Ecology, Stanford) and Uli Schurr (Forschungszentrum Julich) have continued to explore applications of LIFT (Mk2). At ANU, Caroline Nichol held an International Outgoing Travel Grant from the Royal Society of London and her PRI Hyperion work was funded by a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) standard grant NE/F017294/1. Roland Pieruschka was supported by a Marie Curie Outgoing Fellowship (041060-LIFT). Pigment analyses were supported by Australian Research Council grants (DP0666289 to CBO and CE056195 to BJP), a start up grant from the University of Wollongong and we thank Peter Anderson, University of Edinburgh for his assistance. Helpful discussions with and advice from, Shizue Matsubara and Hendrik Poorter, Forschungszentrum Julich were much appreciated. Some themes in this review were presented by Barry Osmond in the J.G. Wood lecture to the combined meeting of the Australian Society of Plant Scientists and New Zealand Society of Plant Physiologists, Christchurch, December 2009.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Pflanzenwissenschaften (IBG-2)

Research Program(s):

1. Terrestrische Umwelt (P24)

Appears in the scientific report 2012

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Database coverage:
; BIOSIS Previews ; Current Contents - Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences ; Current Contents - Life Sciences ; JCR ; NCBI Molecular Biology Database ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Thomson Reuters Master Journal List ; Web of Science Core Collection

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