TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolz, Lukas
AU  - Homann, Gerrit
AU  - Winter, Martin
AU  - Kasnatscheew, Johannes
TI  - The Sand equation and its enormous practical relevance for solid-state lithium metal batteries
JO  - Materials today
VL  - 44
SN  - 1369-7021
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
PB  - Elsevier Science
M1  - FZJ-2020-05033
SP  - 9-14
PY  - 2021
AB  - In this work, different Li salt concentrations and ionic conductivities of poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes (PEO-based SPEs) are correlated with the performance of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)||Li full cells. While the SPEs with different salt concentrations behave similarly in NMC622||Li cells at 60 °C, their influence on the specific capacities is significant at 40 °C. Below a distinct salt concentration, i.e. > 20:1 (EO:Li), a sudden blocking-type polarization appears, indicatable by an almost vertical voltage profile, both in full and in Li||Li symmetric cells. The corresponding time and current density for this polarization-type is shown to mathematically fit with the Sand equation, which subsequently allows calculation of DLi+. According this relation, lack of Li+ in the electrolyte close to the electrode surface can be concluded to be the origin of this polarization, but is shown to appear only for “kinetically limiting” conditions e.g. above a threshold current density, above a threshold SPE thickness and/or below a threshold salt concentration (ionic conductivity), i.e. at mass transfer limiting conditions. With the support of this relation, maximal applicable current densities and/or SPE thicknesses can be calculated and predicted for SPEs.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000649193200001
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.mattod.2020.11.025
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/888569
ER  -