Journal Article

FZJ-2021-00920

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts

Fadnavis, S. (Corresponding author) ; Müller, R.FZJ* ; Chakraborty, T. ; Sabin, T. P. ; Laakso, A. ; Rap, A. ; Griessbach, S.FZJ* ; Vernier, J.-P. ; Tilmes, S.

2021
Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature [London]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: http://hdl.handle.net/2128/27257  doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81566-0

Abstract: The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is vital for the livelihood of millions of people in the Indianregion; droughts caused by monsoon failures often resulted in famines. Large volcanic eruptions havebeen linked with reductions in ISMR, but the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using145-year (1871–2016) records of volcanic eruptions and ISMR, we show that ISMR deficits prevailfor two years after moderate and large (VEI > 3) tropical volcanic eruptions; this is not the case forextra-tropical eruptions. Moreover, tropical volcanic eruptions strengthen El Niño and weaken La Niñaconditions, further enhancing Indian droughts. Using climate-model simulations of the 2011 Nabrovolcanic eruption, we show that eruption induced an El Niño like warming in the central Pacific for twoconsecutive years due to Kelvin wave dissipation triggered by the eruption. This El Niño like warmingin the central Pacific led to a precipitation reduction in the Indian region. In addition, solar dimmingcaused by the volcanic plume in 2011 reduced Indian rainfall.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Stratosphäre (IEK-7)
2. Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC)

Research Program(s):

1. 211 - Die Atmosphäre im globalen Wandel (POF4-211) (POF4-211)
2. 5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation & Data Life Cycle Labs (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) (POF4-511)

Appears in the scientific report 2021

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