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| Hauptseite > Publikationsdatenbank > Chance in the challenge – Positive environmental externalities in the tourism sector through Covid-19 |
| Hauptseite > Publikationsdatenbank > Chance in the challenge – Positive environmental externalities in the tourism sector through Covid-19 |
| Conference Presentation (After Call) | FZJ-2021-02966 |
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2021
Abstract: Due to the spread of Covid-19, a global pandemic situation has developed since December 2019, which has serious effects on the various economic sectors. The tourism sector with hotel, catering, transport, as well as secondary and tertiary industries in particular are massively affected, as the demand for tourism is very sensitive to crises (Fotiadis et al, 2021, p. 2). Like an external shock, Covid-19 shows a similar decline in demand for goods in the tourism sector as can be observed as a result of wars and natural disasters (Jin et al., 2021, p. 1).Contrasting the negative effects caused by the pandemic, there also occur other externalities which exhibit positive developments, especially from an environmental point of view. Less travel also means that less greenhouse gases (GHG) are emitted, less littering of vacation areas can be observed, and the natural habitats of animals recover through reduced tourism (Wieckowski, 2021, p. 9).It turns out, however, that the positive externalities on the environment cannot be observed to the same extent across all countries and regions and are strongly influenced by local tourism characteris-tics. Clusters and hot spots can be observed that are experiencing a particularly positive development, whereas other areas show less improvement (Newsome, 2020, p. 2).To analyze the effects of the European tourism sector on GHG emissions, we model multiple indicators (e.g. personnel employed in the tourism sector, number of nights spent at tourist accommodation es-tablishments, etc.) together with indicators for general economic activity and mobility. In a spatiotem-poral approach, we are able to account explicitly for regional and temporal autocorrelation and thus extracting these effects from the residuals. Additionally, we introduce the external shock of the pan-demic as further additive factor in the model. The model allows estimating the impact of the tourism sector on GHG emissions, distinguishing them from effects of the general economic development. We can furthermore identify in which regions additional factors seem to affect GHG emissions, thus illus-trating hotspots of GHG emission reduction created by a reduction in activity also beyond the tourism sector.According to Coase’s theory of internalization, tangible solution mechanisms are to be worked out that enable cost-benefit considerations. Which region can achieve the highest level of positive environmen-tal development at which costs? Should a redistribution mechanism take place here in order to achieve an overall improvement of the environment, whereby individual regions internalize less from an eco-nomic point of view due to higher costs and support other regions that can exploit high potential for improvement with the use of fewer monetary resources?Ultimately, classic tax solutions such as an environmental tax or tourism tax are to be compared with a negotiated solution based on pollution certificates as a solution mechanism. This is intended to weigh up the efficiency of the two methods.
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