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Introduction: Age-related declines in cognitive and motor functions show highly variable trajectories. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated multivariate associative effects between modifiable vascular risk factors, biological brain aging, cognitive, and motor performance in 40,579 individuals from the population-based UK Biobank and Hamburg City Health Study.Methods: We employed partial least squares correlation analysis (PLS) to model associations between multi-domain cognitive and motor test scores and three distinct MRI-derived markers of biological brain aging: relative brain age (from morphometric brain imaging), white matter hyperintensity load, and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity. [...]

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Motor performance (MP) is essential for maintaining functional independence, particularly in later life. However, the relationship between MP and sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and their underlying brain substrates remains obscure. [...]

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), particularly its idiopathic/isolated form (iRBD), is a prodromal marker for α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Machine learning (ML) offers opportunities to improve diagnosis and risk stratification in this high-risk group. [...]

BackgroundPrevious research has suggested an association between insomnia disorder (ID) and alterations in emotion processing. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate neurobiological changes in emotion processing in patients with ID before and after Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and to compare them with healthy controls (HC) with task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods20 patients with ID and 20 HC were included in this study to view five different blocks of pictures with varying emotional arousal, valence, and content (sleep-relatedness) in the fMRI scanner.ResultsA significant Group × Session interaction was identified in the amygdala for both the sleep-related negative contrast (F(1,38) = 4.19, p = .048) and the neutral moderate contrast (F(1,38) = 5.39, p = .026). [...]