Open Access

Several fault detection methods and location algorithms in the literature are founded on state estimation (SE). In recent approaches, in most cases, the SE process is performed based on synchronized measurements provided by phasor measurement units (PMUs). [...]

Plant roots create chemical gradients within the rhizosphere, but little information exists onthe effect of root properties on the distribution of chemical gradients. The research aim was toanalyse and model the effects of root type and age, radial root geometry and root hairs onnutrient gradients in the rhizosphere. [...]

In this work, we couple the functional–structural plant model CPlantBox to the Unreal Engine by exploiting the implemented raytracing pipeline to evaluate light influx on the plant surface. There are many approaches for photosynthesis computation and light evaluation, though they typically are limited by versatility, compute speed, or operate on much coarser resolutions. [...]